Simulations of Shallow Supercell Storms in Landfalling Hurricane Environments

McCaul, Eugene W.; Weisman, Morris L.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<0408:sosssi>2.0.co;2

Cited by 94 publications

(141 citation statements)

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“…In contrast with McCaul and Weisman (1996), the present study revealed that not only mini-supercells but also classical supercells form in a moist cyclone environment. As in the previous study, different values of the CAPE and SREH with strong clockwise vertical shear were found to be favorable for the formation of different supercell types in the inner and outer band axes.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

“…McCaul and Weisman (1996) proposed that in a hurricane environment, weak low-level cold pools restrict surface vorticity development, resulting in shallow supercells. It is evident from the literature that environmental characteristics, such as strong low-level wind shear, moderate storm-relative environmental helicity (SREH), and moderate to large CAPE, are favorable for the development of supercells in the rainband at the time of landfall or over land (McCaul 1991;McCaul and Weisman 1996;Baker et al 2009). McCaul and Weisman (2001) suggested that the CAPE and shear are important determinants of the morphology and intensity of convective cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Supercells in the Rainband of Numerically Simulated Cyclone Sidr

Akter

Tsuboki

2010

SOLA

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Cyclone Sidr had an intense rainband east of the cyclone center. The rainband exhibited two strong convective lines (band axes) composed of convective cells. To study the characteristics of the convective cells, a simulation was performed at 1-km resolution by using a cloud-resolving model. In both band axes, some cells showed the characteristic structure of a supercell. Supercells within the outer axis had stronger updraft, more intense precipitation, and a longer lifetime than those of the inner axis. The values of the CAPE and helicity are different in the strong vertical shear environment of the inner and outer axes. A large moisture flux was present throughout the troposphere on the east side of the outer axis. On the other hand, the upper level west of the inner axis was relatively dry. These are additional factors affecting the differences in cell characteristics in the two band axes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Supercells in the Rainband of Numerically Simulated Cyclone Sidr

Akter

Tsuboki

2010

SOLA

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“…In an idealized numerical simulation of minisupercells by McCaul and Weisman [1996], the maximum updraft was only about 40% of w max = (2CAPE) 1/2 . They noted that updrafts with smaller diameters in minisupercells might be more affected by horizontal turbulent mixing than that in the classical supercells.…”

Section: Entrainment Ratementioning

confidence: 98%

Toward better assessment of tornado potential in typhoons: Significance of considering entrainment effects for CAPE

Sueki

Niino

2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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The characteristics of typhoons that spawned tornadoes (tornadic typhoons: TTs) in Japan from 1991 to 2013 were investigated by composite analysis using the Japanese 55 year Reanalysis and compared with those of typhoons that did not spawn tornadoes (nontornadic typhoons: NTs). We found that convective available potential energy (CAPE), which considers the effects of entrainment (entraining CAPE: E‐CAPE), and storm‐relative environmental helicity (SREH) are significantly large in the northeast quadrant of TTs where tornadoes frequently occur and that E‐CAPE and SREH in that quadrant for TTs are larger than those for NTs. On the other hand, ordinary CAPE without entrainment does not account for the spatial distribution of tornado occurrences nor does it distinguish TTs from NTs. E‐CAPE is sensitive to humidity in the midtroposphere; thus, it is effective for detecting a conditionally unstable layer up to about 550 hPa, which is distinctive of TTs.

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“…The increase of surface friction in the transition from water to land is commonly attributed to the increasing low-level shear that promotes tornado genesis [Gentry, 1983]. These tornadoes are less intense (<F2) than their counterparts in the Great Plains [e.g., Novlan and Gray, 1974;McCaul, 1987;McCaul and Weisman, 1996;Spratt et al, 1997].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercells and mesocyclones in outer rainbands of Hurricane Katrina (2005)

Lee

Bell

Goodman

2008

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] This study documents and describes supercells embedded within the outer rainbands of Hurricane Katrina (2005). Radar reflectivity and velocity data collected on 29 August 2005 by Weather Surveillance Radar 1988 Doppler radars were used to track the supercells. Radar analysis indicates that the supercells were characterized by heavy precipitation collocated with band-relative mesocylonic circulations containing strong vorticity and a wind speed enhancement to their northeast. Atmospheric soundings and dual-Doppler derived shear suggest that environmental conditions were comparable to those in previous hurricane-spawned supercell studies. Twenty-three storms from 0300-0900 UTC were tracked, and single-and dual-Doppler radar analyses were used to examine characteristics such as shear and rotational velocity. Remarkably, the majority of the supercells formed over the Gulf of Mexico rather than over land, which contrasts with previous studies. Furthermore, the ground-relative wind speeds of these potentially tornadic mesocyclones in the outer rainbands could have been Category 4 intensity despite sustained winds in Katrina's eyewall only reaching Category 3 at landfall.

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Simulations of Shallow Supercell Storms in Landfalling Hurricane Environments

Cited by 94 publications

References 0 publications

Characteristics of Supercells in the Rainband of Numerically Simulated Cyclone Sidr

Characteristics of Supercells in the Rainband of Numerically Simulated Cyclone Sidr

Toward better assessment of tornado potential in typhoons: Significance of considering entrainment effects for CAPE

Supercells and mesocyclones in outer rainbands of Hurricane Katrina (2005)

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