Simulation and vulnerability assessment of water distribution networks under deliberate contamination attacks

Pelekanos, N.T.; Nikolopoulos, Dionysios; Makropoulos, Christos

doi:10.1080/1573062x.2020.1864832

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Besides, this value solely depends on the weight assigned to the individual parameters. Several authors have applied sensitivity analysis to aquifer vulnerability evaluation (Rahman, 2008;Hasiniaina et al, 2010;Samake et al, 2011;Krishna et al, 2015;Tsoy, 2015;Ouedraogo et al, 2016;Balaji et al, 2021;Ghouili et al, 2021;Li et al, 2021;Pelekanos et al, 2021;Rokhshad et al, 2021).…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of GIS and F-Hydra Model for Aquifer Vulnerability Monitoring in the Afram Plains, Ghana

Agyare¹,

Kabo-bah²,

Bayel³

et al. 2021

GEP

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Aquifer vulnerability is a critical issue across the entire globe due to the depletion of groundwater and escalation of pollution levels, which poses a detrimental effect on the natural environment. To ascertain this contamination risk, an extensive study has been conducted to assess the aquifer vulnerability by using the F-hydra model. This paper presents the vulnerability technique for the theory and application of flow accumulation, land-use and hydraulic conductivity. The model was applied to a shallow aquifer in eastern Ghana's Volta River Basin, with the results being compared to the standardised DRASTIC model. The model follows the aquifer vulnerability assessment concept of the source pathway receptor where flow accumulation represents the ponding areas with downward percolation of contaminant to the water table, land-use represents the human activities at the land surface, and hydraulic conductivity represents the driving force leading to the movement of contaminant. The results reveal that the moderate vulnerability region covers 51.55% (2598.12 km 2 ) of the entire area. The high and low vulnerability regions cover a significant percentage of the area 1.13% (56.52 km 2 ) and 47.32% (2384.93 km 2 ), respectively. The final vulnerability index was largely influenced by the removal of the hydraulic conductivity and land-use parameters. The model was validated with nitrate concentration in drilled wells in the study area. The maps produced in this study could be utilised as a guide to vulnerability by policymakers, groundwater manager and planners aimed at preserving the integrity of this vulnerable resource.

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Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of GIS and F-Hydra Model for Aquifer Vulnerability Monitoring in the Afram Plains, Ghana

Agyare¹,

Kabo-bah²,

Bayel³

et al. 2021

GEP

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“…Recognizing and managing the signs of water pollution in the best conditions is also a major challenge for water supply network of icials. Some of the public health challenges associated with waterborne risks related diseases are listed below [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Water Pollution and Public Health Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and sensitive analysis of biological water risks in water resources with application of classical mass transfer computations

Jalali¹,

Gheibi²,

Aghlmand³

et al. 2021

Ann Biomed Sci Eng

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Due to the urgent need for water in all parts of industrial or developing societies, water supply, and transmission facilities are suitable targets for biological risks. Given that even a short interruption in water supply and water supply operations has a great impact on daily activities in the community, the deliberate contamination of urban water resources has irreparable consequences in the field of public health, and the economy of society will follow. Unfortunately, most officials in the public health control departments in our country have received limited training in detecting accidental or intentional contamination of water resources and dealing with the spread of waterborne diseases both naturally and intentionally. For this reason, there is low preparedness in the responsible agencies to deal with waterborne diseases during biological risks. In the first step of this research, a review study has been conducted on water biological risks and operational strategies to deal with them. In the following, it has studied how Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria spread in aqueous media. In this regard, the kinetic model of the studied microorganism was analyzed based on the implementation of (Fick Law) in polar coordinates and the combination of (Dirac Distribution) with (Legendre polynomial) distribution. Finally, after studying the factors affecting the microbial pollutant emission coefficient, the effects of all three factors of linear velocity, linear motion time period, and angle of motion on the pollutant emission flux and biofilm diffusion time in the water supply network environment were investigated. Studies have shown that the linear velocity parameter of Escherichia coli with a nonlinear relationship has the greatest effects on the release of microbial contaminants.

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“…Contamination incidents in water distribution networks (WDNs), as a critical lifeline infrastructure, have become a major concern of water utilities to satisfy the service goals of sufficient quantity with adequate pressure and safe quality (Pelekanos et al 2021). From 2012 to 2013, a total of 42 contamination incidents from 19 states in the United States were reported for drinking water systems on the outbreaks of pathogens, chemicals, or toxins, which led to more than 1,000 cases of illness, 120 cases of hospitalization, and 10 cases of death (Scutti 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, more than 60 million people in the United States have been subjected to unsafe water in the last decade, which requires $384 billion in the coming decades to achieve the goal of a clean water supply (Philip et al 2017). Globally, the 2016 greywater intrusion in Beijing (China), the 2017 reddish tap water in Incheon (South Korea), the 2019 campylobacter outbreak in Askøy (Norway), and the 2022 diarrhea outbreak in Lucknow (India) were also notable recent contamination incidents that affected the water services and public health (Suh-yoon 2019; Pelekanos et al 2021;Chaudhary 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the multi-dimensional resilience of water distribution networks to contamination events

2023

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Recent contamination events in water distribution networks (WDNs) suggest the need for resilience strategies to address the uncertainty of contamination intrusion. Resilience-based decision-making requires a resilience evaluation process. However, the suggestions on resilience options can vary with the definition of the system's functionality considered in the resilience evaluation. Thus, this study characterized resilience and its attributes (i.e., robustness (RS), loss rate (LR), recovery rate (RR), failure duration (FD), and recovery completeness (RC)) in multiple functional dimensions for a WDN to contamination events. The resilience evaluation was performed using a resilience measure based on a time-dependent functionality variation during contamination events. This study considered the functionalities in four dimensions: the contaminated node (CN), compromised demand (CD), biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) concentration (BC), and mass consumed (MC). The hydraulic and water quality models were simulated using EPANET-MSX to evaluate the functionality variation under bacterial intrusion events. The results noted that the resilience levels significantly varied with the functional dimensions, relatedness, and contamination event conditions. The results also identified that different profiles of resilience attributes could characterize similar levels of multi-dimensional resilience. The findings suggest insights on incorporating the concept of multi-dimensional resilience in decision-making processes, therefore achieving the goal of improving the overall resilience of the system in diverse aspects of functionality.

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Simulation and vulnerability assessment of water distribution networks under deliberate contamination attacks

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Integration of GIS and F-Hydra Model for Aquifer Vulnerability Monitoring in the Afram Plains, Ghana

Integration of GIS and F-Hydra Model for Aquifer Vulnerability Monitoring in the Afram Plains, Ghana

Assessment and sensitive analysis of biological water risks in water resources with application of classical mass transfer computations

Evaluating the multi-dimensional resilience of water distribution networks to contamination events

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