Simulation and optimization of tuneable microstrip patch antenna for fifth-generation applications based on graphene

Abstract

Microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) are known largely for their versatility in terms of feasible geometries, making them applicable in many distinct circumstances. In this paper, a graphene-based tuneable single/array rectangular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) utilizing an inset feed technique designed to function in multiple frequency bands are used in a fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications system. The tuneable antenna is used to eliminate the difficulties caused by the narrow bandwidths typically associated with MPAs. The graphene material has a reconfigurable surface conductivity that can be adjusted to function at the required value, thus allowing the required resonance frequency to be selected. The simulated tuneable antenna comprises a copper radiating patch with four graphene strips used for tuning purposes and is designed to cover a wide frequency band. The proposed antenna can be tuned directly by applying a direct current (DC) voltage to the graphene strips, resulting in a variation in the surface impedance of the graphene strips and leading to shifts in the resonance frequency.

Simulation and manufacturing of modified circular monopole microstrip antenna for UWB applications

“…11 of the final simulated antenna. The microstrip antennas is well known for its poor gain; this due to the gain of the microstrip antennas are affected by the ℎ and the ε r where, the Gain is inversely proportional with and directly proportional with the ℎ [13][14][15]. Figures 9 and 10 illustrate the simulated broadband antenna gain and the 3D far-field results of the simulated antenna respectively.…”

Reconfigurable graphene-based multi-input multi-output antenna design for THz applications

“…The width (𝑊 𝑓 ) is calculated by adjusting the expected characteristic impedance (Zc) as in ( 10) or ( 11) [25]:…”

Toothed log periodic graphene-based antenna design for THz applications

“…Chemical potential, relaxation time, and frequency influence the surface conductivity of single-layer graphene. The value of graphene's dispersive characteristics can be altered by adjusting the frequency and other parameters [17], [18]. The surface conductivity of graphene σ (𝝎, T, 𝛍c, 𝛤) is described using Kubo Forma [19].…”