Simulated microgravity induce glutathione antioxidant pathwayin <i>Xenopus laevis</i> embryos

Rizzo, Angela Maria; Montorfano, G.; Negroni, M.; Corsetto, Paola Antonia; Berselli, Patrizia; Marciani, P.; Zava, Stefania; Berra, B.

doi:10.1016/j.cellbi.2009.04.015

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover these findings correlate with our recent results on antioxidant enzymes induced in X. laevis embryos developed on RPM (Rizzo et al, 2009) suggesting that microgravity exposure might interfere with oxidative stress.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The RPM exposed X. laevis embryos to a reduced gravity field. As described in detail by Rizzo et al (2009), around 10% of X. laevis embryos developed in simulated microgravity displayed at stage 47 axial malformations. This kind of malformation has been observed in tadpoles (Snetkova et al, 1995; Sebastian et al, 1996), but not when eggs were fertilized under microgravity condition and when a 1‐g condition was simulated during space flight.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…No differences were found at this stage (day 3 of development, stage 40) in malformed embryos, about 1.8% for each experimental set (cf. Rizzo et al, 2009). At day 6 of development (stage 47, after 5 days of clinorotation), RPM and control embryos were analysed counting alive and malformed ones.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Protein pattern ofXenopus laevisembryos grown in simulated microgravity

et al. 2011

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Numerous studies indicate that microgravity affects cell growth and differentiation in many living organisms, and various processes are modified when cells are placed under conditions of weightlessness. However, until now, there is no coherent explanation for these observations, and little information is available concerning the biomolecules involved. Our aim has been to investigate the protein pattern of Xenopus laevis embryos exposed to simulated microgravity during the first 6 days of development. A proteomic approach was applied to compare the protein profiles of Xenopus embryos developed in simulated microgravity and in normal conditions. Attention was focused on embryos that do not present visible malformations in order to investigate if weightlessness has effects at protein level in the absence of macroscopic alterations. The data presented strongly suggest that some of the major components of the cytoskeleton vary in such conditions. Three major findings are described for the first time: (i) the expression of important factors involved in the organization and stabilization of the cytoskeleton, such as Arp (actin-related protein) 3 and stathmin, is heavily affected by microgravity; (ii) the amount of the two major cytoskeletal proteins, actin and tubulin, do not change in such conditions; however, (iii) an increase in the tyrosine nitration of these two proteins can be detected. The data suggest that, in the absence of morphological alterations, simulated microgravity affects the intracellular movement system of cells by altering cytoskeletal proteins heavily involved in the regulation of cytoskeleton remodelling.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Protein pattern ofXenopus laevisembryos grown in simulated microgravity

et al. 2011

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, simulated microgravity and chronic stresses induced antioxidant responses in lymphocytes, brain and muscles [17]–[20].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Long-Term Space Flight on Erythrocytes and Oxidative Stress of Rodents

et al. 2012

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Erythrocyte and hemoglobin losses have been frequently observed in humans during space missions; these observations have been designated as “space anemia”. Erythrocytes exposed to microgravity have a modified rheology and undergo hemolysis to a greater extent. Cell membrane composition plays an important role in determining erythrocyte resistance to mechanical stress and it is well known that membrane composition might be influenced by external events, such as hypothermia, hypoxia or gravitational strength variations. Moreover, an altered cell membrane composition, in particular in fatty acids, can cause a greater sensitivity to peroxidative stress, with increase in membrane fragility. Solar radiation or low wavelength electromagnetic radiations (such as gamma rays) from the Earth or the space environment can split water to generate the hydroxyl radical, very reactive at the site of its formation, which can initiate chain reactions leading to lipid peroxidation. These reactive free radicals can react with the non-radical molecules, leading to oxidative damage of lipids, proteins and DNA, etiologically associated with various diseases and morbidities such as cancer, cell degeneration, and inflammation. Indeed, radiation constitutes on of the most important hazard for humans during long-term space flights. With this background, we participated to the MDS tissue-sharing program performing analyses on mice erythrocytes flown on the ISS from August to November 2009. Our results indicate that space flight induced modifications in cell membrane composition and increase of lipid peroxidation products, in mouse erythrocytes. Moreover, antioxidant defenses in the flight erythrocytes were induced, with a significant increase of glutathione content as compared to both vivarium and ground control erythrocytes. Nonetheless, this induction was not sufficient to prevent damages caused by oxidative stress. Future experiments should provide information helpful to reduce the effects of oxidative stress exposure and space anemia, possibly by integrating appropriate dietary elements and natural compounds that could act as antioxidants.

show abstract

“…Using an agravitropic mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana grown under clinorotation or increased gravity (7 g ), it was shown that HSP70 and glutathione s-transferase 6, among other proteins, are part of a generalized stress response to gravitational changes (Tan et al , 2011). The glutathione antioxidant pathway has also been shown to be induced in Xenopus laevis embryos during simulated microgravity, and was suggested to play a protective role (Rizzo et al , 2009). A further type of stress-related gene present among the microgravity ETSs was polyubiquitin (Table 1, 6 ESTs), where in budding yeast, the stress-inducible polyubiquitin gene, UBI4, has been shown to be upregulated in response to oxidative stress, and has been suggested to play an important role in increasing cellular ubiquitin levels to allow cells to survive under toxic stress conditions (Cheng et al , 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of stress-related genes in zebrawood (Astronium fraxinifolium, Anacardiaceae) seedlings following germination in microgravity

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Seeds of a tropical tree species from Brazil, Astronium fraxinifolium, or zebrawood, were germinated, for the first time in microgravity, aboard the International Space Station for nine days. Following three days of subsequent growth under normal terrestrial gravitational conditions, greater root length and numbers of secondary roots was observed in the microgravity-treated seedlings compared to terrestrially germinated controls. Suppression subtractive hybridization of cDNA and EST analysis were used to detect differential gene expression in the microgravity-treated seedlings in comparison to those initially grown in normal gravity (forward subtraction). Despite their return to, and growth in normal gravity, the subtracted library derived from microgravity-treated seedlings was enriched in known microgravity stress-related ESTs, corresponding to large and small heat shock proteins, 14-3-3-like protein, polyubiquitin, and proteins involved in glutathione metabolism. In contrast, the reverse-subtracted library contained a comparatively greater variety of general metabolism-related ESTs, but was also enriched for peroxidase, possibly indicating the suppression of this protein in the microgravity-treated seedlings. Following continued growth for 30 days, higher concentrations of total chlorophyll were detected in the microgravity-exposed seedlings.

show abstract

Simulated microgravity induce glutathione antioxidant pathwayin Xenopus laevis embryos

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Protein pattern ofXenopus laevisembryos grown in simulated microgravity

Protein pattern ofXenopus laevisembryos grown in simulated microgravity

Effects of Long-Term Space Flight on Erythrocytes and Oxidative Stress of Rodents

Expression of stress-related genes in zebrawood (Astronium fraxinifolium, Anacardiaceae) seedlings following germination in microgravity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About