Simple Chemiluminescence Assays for Free Radicals in Venous Blood and Serum Samples: Results in Atopic, Psoriasis, MCS and Cancer Patients

Ionescu, Gabriel; Merk, Melanie; Bradford, Ronald R.

doi:10.1159/000021292

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…On the other hand, compounds 8d, 8e, and 10 did not exhibit inhibitory activity at this dose. From these results, it was suggested that the phenyl group for R 1 and the hydrogen atom for R 3 were needed for exhibiting the inhibitory activities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives Possessing an Antioxidative Property and Their Inhibitory Effects on Picryl Chloride-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity Reaction

Isobe

Hirota

2003

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Recently, patients suffering from allergic cutaneous disorders such as atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis have been increasing in number. T cell-mediated delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions are thought to be involved in these diseases.1) Many antiallergic drugs are clinically used for treatment of these dermatitis, but they are not very efficacious because these drugs are not effective against DTH reactions. Glucocorticoids have a suppressive effect against DTH reactions, and are widely used for the treatment of these disorders. However, long-time use of glucocorticoids is limited because of its many side effects, such as atrophia cutis and infections. Therefore, development of non-steroidal agents having inhibitory activity against DTH reactions and low toxicity has been ardently desired.In the pathogenesis of many inflammatory skin diseases, there are both direct and indirect evidences implicating a reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide.2) Overproduction of ROS has also been postulated for immune-mediated skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and psoriasis.3) Monocytes or neutrophils of these patients show an increased capacity to release ROS. 4,5) Therefore, compounds having inhibitory activity on the production and/or scavenging of ROS may be effective against DTH reactions. For example, tocopherol was reported to show a suppressive effect on chemical hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity reaction (CHR), one of the DTH models, 6) and showed efficacy against atopic dermatitis in clinic. 7,8) In a previous paper, we described antiallergic activities against DTH reaction of various 5-acylamido-6-aminouracil derivatives, which originated from the lead compound (1) with an antioxidative activity. 9) We describe herein the synthesis and suppressive effects against picryl chloride (PC)-induced CHR of novel pyrimidine derivatives, such as barbituric acids and uracils, having a 2,6-di-t-butylphenol moiety at the side chain of the C(5) or C(6)-position of the pyrimidine ring. Results and DiscussionThe synthetic methods of pyrimidine derivatives (3, 6) possessing a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at the 5-position are described in Chart 1. 6-Amino-5-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)uracil (3) was synthesized by the reaction of 6-aminouracil (2) with 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl chloride as previously reported.10) For the synthesis of 5-(3,5-di-tbutyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)barbituric acids (6a-d), first, several N-substituted barbituric acids (4a-d), which were easily prepared 10) by acid-hydrolysis of the corresponding 6-aminouracils, 11) were condensed 12) with 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde to give the 5-benzylidenebarbituric acids (5a-d) in moderate yields. The NMR analysis of an unsymmetrical product (5a) possessing different substituents at the 1,3-N-positions indicates them to be a mixture of E-and Zisomers. The reduction of 5a-d with NaBH 4 afforded the desired 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylbarbituric acids (6a-d).The synthesis of uracil d...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proton NMR spectra were recorded on a JEOL GSX270 FT NMR spectrometer. Chemical shifts were given in parts per million (ppm) using tetramethylsilane as the internal standard for spectra obtained in DMSO-d 6 or CDCl 3 . TOF MS (time-of-flight mass spectrometry) was recorded on a Compact MALDI 3 V4.0.0 spectrometer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives Possessing an Antioxidative Property and Their Inhibitory Effects on Picryl Chloride-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity Reaction

Isobe

Hirota

2003

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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“…In one study, several antioxidants were used to treat patients with MCS, with some apparent success,23 suggesting that oxidative damage may have a role in MCS. The blood of MCS patients was reported, in a recent study, to have elevated levels of oxidants and the serum to have lower levels of anti‐oxidants, as compared with controls,24 providing substantial evidence for elevated oxidative damage.…”

Section: Evidence From Mcs Patients and Tissue Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Nitric Oxide/Peroxynitrite Mechanism for the Common Etiology of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Pall

Satterlee

2001

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…This is important especially for the larger molecular mass of Hp2-2 (170−900 kDa), since current data about hemoglobin-binding capacity (HBC), the lowest found in Hp2-2 subjects, of various phenotypes are based on immunomethods. In these methods, the serum Hp concentration is generally underestimated because the diffusion of immune complexes is impaired in gels. , Recently, CL signals of free radicals of proteins have been reported, which provides a potential route for exploring the enhancement of CL signals instead of horseradish peroxidase that is used in CL immunoanalysis. We investigated the enhancement by ammonium persulfate of the CL detection of Hp without Western blotting.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chemiluminescent Image Detection of Haptoglobin Phenotyping after Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

et al. 2004

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The development of an enhanced chemiluminescence detection method for the rapid detection of haptoglobin phenotyping after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is described in this paper. The enhanced chemiluminescence detection is based upon chemiluminescent reaction between luminol and hydrogen peroxide. Increased sensitivity and dynamic range are achieved by employing ammonium persulfate to enhance the chemiluminescence signal. Detection of haptoglobin phenotypes in human blood serum was easily achieved even without the addition of hemoglobin. Different polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results were found between pure serum and hemoglobin-supplemented serum. Applying the suggested enhanced chemiluminescence detection, the original combining forms of haptoglobin and hemoglobin can be detected. The linear range of haptoglobin is 0.1-13.3 microg/mL, with a detection limit of 1.21 ng (sample loading volume 15 microL). Other proteins, such as catalase and ferritin, can also be detected using enhanced chemiluminescence detection. All detections after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were completed within 15 min. The proposed detection is very fast, compared to traditional methods using staining detection (minutes versus hours).

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Simple Chemiluminescence Assays for Free Radicals in Venous Blood and Serum Samples: Results in Atopic, Psoriasis, MCS and Cancer Patients

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives Possessing an Antioxidative Property and Their Inhibitory Effects on Picryl Chloride-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity Reaction

Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives Possessing an Antioxidative Property and Their Inhibitory Effects on Picryl Chloride-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity Reaction

Elevated Nitric Oxide/Peroxynitrite Mechanism for the Common Etiology of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Chemiluminescent Image Detection of Haptoglobin Phenotyping after Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

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