Simple Absolute Measurement Technique for Beta Radioactivity. Application to Naturally Radioactive Rubidium

Radiochemical Separation of Fission Products from Large Volumes of Sea Water. Strontium, Cesium, Cerium, and Promethium

“…cm.) are consistent with those expected (12) for the beta rays of these nuclides. The reagent blanks indicate that the contribution of long-lived contamination will be substantially zero.…”

“…and very steady.The counter, shield, electronics, and counting method are similar to those described by Martell (IS). Counting corrections to convert observed rates to disintegration rates were made using the method of Libby and coworkers(12,20,23).…”

Diffusion of Nickel and Chlorine into Lead Telluride

“…Each standard source was mounted in a stainless steel ring identical to those used for mounting the diffusion samples (1). From the relationships given by Libby (4,5), the linear absorption coefficient for the E-radiation of nickel-63 (Emax = 0.067 mev) in PbTe has been calculated as 18,700 cm -1. This value of the linear absorption coefficient gives a half-thickness of 0.38~.…”

Cosmogenic P-32 and P-33 in the atmosphere and aligotrophic ocean and applications to the study of phosphorus cycling

“…The cation exchange resin allows separation of Ca, K, Fe, AI, V, W, Zn, Zr and Ti, which will interfere with the final Mg~ P0 4 .6Hz 0 precipitation (Hillebrand et al, 1959;Mullins and Leddicone, 1962;Whaley and Ferrara, 1972 with no external absorber (Libby, 1947). I have found that the activity of 3 2 P is decreased by a factor of 2 when an aluminum foil of 71.6 ± 2 mg/cm 2 is placed between the source and the detector (Figure 1.1 (E = 0.255 MeV) in AI (Libby, 1957). Thus from the absorption curves of 3 2 P and 3 3 P max one can choose a thickness of aluminum that will block essentially all the radiation from 3 3 P and decrease the radiation from 3 2 P by a known small amount.…”