Silicone Granulomas Treated With Etanercept

Etanercept treatment of cutaneous granulomas in common variable immunodeficiency

“…Etanercept has also been successfully used in refractory uveitis, 17 mucocutaneous manifestations of Behcet disease, 18 pemphigus vulgaris, 19 and silicone granuloma. 20 Our patient was treated with the standard adult dosage of 25 mg subcutaneously twice a week, with significant clinical improvement after 1 year of treatment. His low T cells and impaired lymphoproliferative responses suggest that he fell into the subgroup with increased levels of TNF-a.…”

Necrobiosis Lipoidica Therapy with Biologicals: An Ulcerated Case Responding to Etanercept and a Review of the Literature

“…On the basis of the implication of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine, on the formation of granulomas, the anti-TNF-α agents infliximab and etanercept have been successfully employed in the treatment of cutaneous granulomatous diseases such as silicone granulomas [15], granuloma annulare [16] and sarcoidosis [17]. Etanercept (a dimeric fusion protein) and infliximab (a humanized monoclonal antibody) both bind soluble and transmembrane-bound TNF-α and inhibit the TNF-α inflammatory cascade [15,16,17].…”

“…Etanercept (a dimeric fusion protein) and infliximab (a humanized monoclonal antibody) both bind soluble and transmembrane-bound TNF-α and inhibit the TNF-α inflammatory cascade [15,16,17]. The reported response of NL to pentoxifylline [18], a partial TNF-α inhibitor, indicated a possible role of this cytokine in this disease and prompted some authors to initiate anti-TNF-α therapy in treatment-resistant NL [19].…”

Updated consensus statement on biological agents for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, 2009

“…Treatment with intra-articular anakinra was evaluated in a randomised clinical trial of patients with osteoarthritis 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138. Treatment was well tolerated but no improvements were seen compared with placebo.…”