Near-monodisperse semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been synthesized by wet-chemical methods for fluorescent biological labels [1±5] and light-emitting devices.[6±8] Organic capping of QDs with surfactants can provide electron passivation and form a barrier against aggregation of crystallites. Typically, CdSe QDs capped with trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) have a quantum yield (QY) of~10 % at room temperature. [9] Coating of CdSe QDs with semiconductors of larger bandgaps (such as ZnS) has been shown to improve the photoluminescence QY to over 60 % by passivating the surface non-radiative recombination sites.[10] While the assynthesized QDs are stable in non-aqueous solution, their photophysical behavior is affected by the use of other solvents, ligands, and environments. Photobrightening and photodarkening may also be caused by the photoionization of QDs. [11] In order to improve the photostability of QDs, they need to be encapsulated within a rigid matrix. Silica is an ideal choice, and it can be applied as a coating using a versatile sol± gel process.[12]Recent advances in synthetic routes with less-toxic precursors (e.g., CdO) have made it possible to produce highly photoluminescent CdSe nanocrystals.[13±16] However, it is a real challenge to make the plain CdSe dots water-soluble while also achieving colloidal stability, photostability, efficient fluorescence, and low non-specific adsorption under aqueous biological conditions. Two main approaches exist in the literature for the design of water-soluble QDs. The first method involves an organic coating, using either polymers, [17,18] micelles, [5] or thiol groups such as mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) [2] and mercaptoundecanoic acid [19] as the linker molecules. The second method is based on the well-known silica chemistry developed for coating metal nanoparticles. [20±23] This strategy has a number of advantages over organic coating of nanoparticles. Silica acts as a robust, inert layer against the degradation of optical properties and imparts water solubility. Silica-coated (and silanized) QDs are very useful for biological applications since they allow for surface conjugation with amines, thiols, and carboxyl groups, which in turn would facilitate the linking of biomolecules such as biotin and avidin. Alivisatos and co-workers [1] first utilized the silanization approach to coat ZnS±CdSe QDs. Although this was carried out in a more-polar methanol solution using 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPS), the procedure involved numerous steps and appeared to be complex to control. [24] Conversely, Rogach et al. encapsulated water-soluble CdTe QDs in 40±80 nm silica spheres through the Stöber method, but the emission spectrum was broadened with reduced intensity.[25] Using a reverse microemulsion, monodisperse silica particles can be synthesized.[26] Dyes encapsulated within silica shells showed enhanced luminescence and lifetimes due to improved chemical stability and photostability. [27] This communication describes a simple strategy for making plain CdSe QD...