Silica-based PLC 1×128 thermo-optic switch

Watanabe, T.; Goh, Takashi; Okuno, Masayuki; Sohma, S.; Shibata, Tsugumichi; Itoh, M.; Kobayashi, M.; Ishii, M.; Sugita, A.; Hibino, Y.

doi:10.1109/ecoc.2001.988853

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Thermal optically switched PLC has been widely researched. Examples include 16 × 16 [196] and 1 × 128 [197] matrix switches, 2 × 2 WSXC with 16 wavelength channels [150], and 1 × 9 WSS with eight channels and 200-GHz spacing [151]. Switches using microfluidic actuation have also been employed to change TIR conditions in arrays of intersecting waveguides.…”

Section: Other Switching Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical MEMS for Lightwave Communication

Solgaard

Ford

2006

J. Lightwave Technol.

303

141

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Abstract-The intensive investment in optical microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in the last decade has led to many successful components that satisfy the requirements of lightwave communication networks. In this paper, we review the current state of the art of MEMS devices and subsystems for lightwave communication applications. Depending on the design, these components can either be broadband (wavelength independent) or wavelength selective. Broadband devices include optical switches, crossconnects, optical attenuators, and data modulators, while wavelength-selective components encompass wavelength add/drop multiplexers, wavelength-selective switches and crossconnects, spectral equalizers, dispersion compensators, spectrometers, and tunable lasers. Integration of MEMS and planar lightwave circuits, microresonators, and photonic crystals could lead to further reduction in size and cost.

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Section: Other Switching Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical MEMS for Lightwave Communication

Solgaard

Ford

2006

J. Lightwave Technol.

303

141

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“…The majority of literature covering tuned Bragg gratings describes devices in fibre [2,3]. However, fibre based devices do not posses the integration advantages associated with planar technology.Thermo-optic tuning is widely used in integrated optics [4,5] and has been applied to several materials including silicon-on-insulator [6,7] and polymers [8]. The largest tuning ranges reported have been in materials with large thermo-optic coefficients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermo-optic tuning is widely used in integrated optics [4,5] and has been applied to several materials including silicon-on-insulator [6,7] and polymers [8]. The largest tuning ranges reported have been in materials with large thermo-optic coefficients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

150 GHz of thermo-optic tuning in direct UV written silica-on-silicon planar Bragg grating

et al. 2009

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An integrated direct UV written apodised planar Bragg grating reflector with 154 GHz (1.23 nm) of thermo-optic tuning in the C-band and a response speed 31 GHz/ms is demonstrated. The degree and speed of tuning of the fabricated device indicates potential application in dynamic optical networks, as an optical add-drop multiplexer.Introduction: An optical add-drop multiplexer (OADM) is a fundamental device in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) networks. Control over the spectral response of an OADM is essential as small amounts of spectral degradation can drastically degrade their filtering performance; this is especially true for filter misalignments and cascaded operations [1]. Selectively adding or dropping particular wavelengths to and from a network can be attained using Bragg gratings, which can be tuned using electro-optic, thermo-optic or strain-optic means. The majority of literature covering tuned Bragg gratings describes devices in fibre [2,3]. However, fibre based devices do not posses the integration advantages associated with planar technology.Thermo-optic tuning is widely used in integrated optics [4,5] and has been applied to several materials including silicon-on-insulator [6,7] and polymers [8]. The largest tuning ranges reported have been in materials with large thermo-optic coefficients. Polymers give 20 nm tuning [8] and silicon-on-insulator 18 nm tuning [7]. While alternative material systems offer large tuning ranges, there is an advantage in using silica-on-silicon technology as it is well established in telecom networks where it is used for AWGs, splitters and thermo-optic switches [9]. In addition, direct UV written devices can be spectrally engineered to give apodised gratings with small bandwidths (typically ,1 nm). Also, when tuning over only one channel spacing large tuning ranges are not essential. Typically channel spacings in DWDM networks are often 50 GHz, corresponding to 0.4 nm at 1550 nm wavelengths.This Letter demonstrates thermo-optic tuning of a silica-on-silicon direct UV written planar Bragg grating. The device presented can tune 154 GHz, corresponding to a wavelength shift of 1.23 nm at 1550 nm, which is over three times a typical DWDM channel spacing.Investigation of the response time shows that a shift of 31 GHz can be achieved in 1.02 ms. In this device individual adjacent gratings located 1 mm from the heating filament do not show any response, demonstrating that multiple gratings can be tuned on one chip without affecting others.

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“…Table 3 shows the characteristics of our tree type 1 x N switches. In terms of scale, the largest of our 1 x N switches is a 1 x 128 switch, and we used 1.5 % ∆ waveguides to reduce the switch chip size so that it was as small as that of a 1 x 32 switch with 0.75 % ∆ waveguides [17]. The insertion loss is sufficiently low (2.6 dB) with spot size converters at the end of the chip [18] and compact circuit design Thanks to the gate switches we achieved a high extinction ratio of over 55 dB.…”

Section: X N Switches and Their Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-state optical switches using planar lightwave circuit and IC-on-PLC technologies

et al. 2005

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We review recent progress on optical switches that employ silica-based planar lightwave circuits (PLC) including a 16 x 16 matrix switch, a 1 x 128 switch, an 8-channel 1 x 8 switch array, and a 32-channel 2 x 2 switch array. These switches are composed of silica-based waveguides and have a solid-state structure with no moving parts, thus they exhibit low insertion loss, high repeatability, and excellent long-term reliability. We also describe IC-on-PLC technology, where IC chips are integrated on the PLC surface for higher functionality and greater compactness. We report the results of reliability tests on the PLC switches, and show that they can put to practical use.

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Silica-based PLC 1×128 thermo-optic switch

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Optical MEMS for Lightwave Communication

Optical MEMS for Lightwave Communication

150 GHz of thermo-optic tuning in direct UV written silica-on-silicon planar Bragg grating

Solid-state optical switches using planar lightwave circuit and IC-on-PLC technologies

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