Silanized Liquid-Metal Nanoparticles for Responsive Electronics

Farrell, Zachary; Thrasher, Carl J.; Flynn, Alex E.; Tabor, Christopher E.

doi:10.1021/acsanm.0c01056

Cited by 45 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Prior work on gallium nanoparticles (tens to hundreds of nanometers) has shown that nanoparticle films require force to form a conductive network, and that smaller particles are stiffer than larger particles due to the mechanics of the native oxide skin [ 6 , 45 , 76 , 77 , 78 ]. Meanwhile, work which features metal droplets that are tens to hundreds of microns in diameter are capable of immediately and repeatably forming conductive paths [ 71 , 72 , 79 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Spray Deposition of Liquid Metal and Elastomer Coatings for Rapid Processing of Stretchable Electronics

et al. 2021

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We report a spray deposition technique for patterning liquid metal alloys to form stretchable conductors, which can then be encapsulated in silicone elastomers via the same spraying procedure. While spraying has been used previously to deposit many materials, including liquid metals, this work focuses on quantifying the spraying process and combining it with silicones. Spraying generates liquid metal microparticles (~5 μm diameter) that pass through openings in a stencil to produce traces with high resolution (~300 µm resolution using stencils from a craft cutter) on a substrate. The spraying produces sufficient kinetic energy (~14 m/s) to distort the particles on impact, which allows them to merge together. This merging process depends on both particle size and velocity. Particles of similar size do not merge when cast as a film. Likewise, smaller particles (<1 µm) moving at the same speed do not rupture on impact either, though calculations suggest that such particles could rupture at higher velocities. The liquid metal features can be encased by spraying uncured silicone elastomer from a volatile solvent to form a conformal coating that does not disrupt the liquid metal features during spraying. Alternating layers of liquid metal and elastomer may be patterned sequentially to build multilayer devices, such as soft and stretchable sensors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Spray Deposition of Liquid Metal and Elastomer Coatings for Rapid Processing of Stretchable Electronics

et al. 2021

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“…To realize the applications in flexible electronics and biomedicine, nanoparticles with improved performances in yields, stability, small sizes, uniform distribution, and high purity are favored. Many solutions are proposed, including development of dynamic temperature control system, [ 95 ] screening of novel macromolecules, or ligands, such as brushed polyethylene glycol (bPEG), [ 96 ] aliphatic carboxylates with different chain lengths, [ 97 ] phosphonic acids, [ 98 ] alkoxysilane ligands, [ 99 ] and comb‐like polymers. [ 100 ]…”

Section: Synthesis Of Lmnpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 111 ] In recent research, Farrell et al proposed the silanization method to decorate the surface of LMNPs, which can provide more possibility for further functionalization and would be useful for drug delivery and development of theranostic platform. [ 99 ]…”

Section: Applications Of Lmnps In Biomedicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Nano‐Biomedicine based on Liquid Metal Particles and Allied Materials

Sun

Yuan

Wang

et al. 2021

Advanced NanoBiomed Research

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Liquid metals (LMs) have emerged as a new class of functional materials with attractive characteristics of low melting points and metal properties. Remarkable features, such as biocompatibility, injectability, plasticity, conductivity, and shape transformability, have rendered them as excellent candidates to tackle challenging biomedical issues, such as tumor clinics, tissue engineering, and even nerve connection. Scaling down the droplet size offers more opportunities in surface engineering and functionalization, thus providing broad biomedical scenarios expanding from drug delivery, enhanced bioheat transfer, tumor therapeutics, and bioelectronics to nanorobots. Despite in its infancy stage, a summary about the advancement of LM biomedical nanomaterials is urgently needed. This review aims to highlight the advantages of gallium‐based LM nanoparticles enabled nano‐biomedicine, to summarize the recent synthesis methods with diverse LM compositions, structures and surface modifications, and to introduce their typical state‐of‐the‐art biomedical applications. Challenges and opportunities are also discussed in the end.

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“…dodecylphosphonic acid, 11-phosphonoundecanoic acid, silanes) chemically and/or physically bond with the native oxide layer of LM. [109,110] Such surface modifications can tune the thickness of the oxide from 1.28 to 4.46 nm. [109] Due to the increase in oxide skin thickness, elastic modulus increases from 0.37 to 1.38 GPa and also stiffness increases from 0.05 AE 0.03 to 2.90 AE 0.51 N m À1 .…”

Section: Surface Modification Using Ligand Bindingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modification of Gallium‐Based Liquid Metals: Mechanisms and Applications in Biomedical Sensors and Soft Actuators

Kwon

Truong

Krisnadi

et al. 2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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This review focuses on surface modifications of liquid metal (LM). Gallium (Ga) and Ga-based LMs show the promising ability to maintain metallic properties under large mechanical strains when encapsulated inside an elastomer matrix. [1-7] This property is useful in a variety of applications, including wearable/deformable devices, sensors, and soft actuators-the focus of this special issue. There are several motives for creating soft and stretchable devices. For example, devices that are soft and flexible can make conformal contact to human skin for continuous and long-term monitoring. [8-11] Likewise, devices assembled on or within soft robots can maintain function during actuation (bending or stretching) while sensing dynamic motion. Conventional conductors in electronic systems are typically rigid (e.g., copper) and thus poorly suited for soft and stretchable devices. To address this issue, efforts have been taken to create stretchable and deformable conductors using thin metal films with special geometries [12-14] (e.g., pop-up and serpentine electrodes) on a deformable substrate or polymer composites filled with conductive nanomaterials in a stretchable matrix. [15,16] These approaches effectively render rigid materials stretchable through clever engineering of their geometry. However, due to the inherently nonstretchable nature of solid metal films or solid conductive particles, these components/inclusions would add to the overall rigidity of the composite and limit their deformability. LMs are interesting as stretchable conductors because they have metallic conductivity and deformability defined primarily by the encasing material (e.g., elastomer).

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Silanized Liquid-Metal Nanoparticles for Responsive Electronics

Cited by 45 publications

References 46 publications

Aerosol Spray Deposition of Liquid Metal and Elastomer Coatings for Rapid Processing of Stretchable Electronics

Aerosol Spray Deposition of Liquid Metal and Elastomer Coatings for Rapid Processing of Stretchable Electronics

Nano‐Biomedicine based on Liquid Metal Particles and Allied Materials

Surface Modification of Gallium‐Based Liquid Metals: Mechanisms and Applications in Biomedical Sensors and Soft Actuators

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