Significant Toxic Effect of Carbon Nanofibers at the Early Stage of Embryogenesis

Abstract

Implementation of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in biomedical applications have successful outcomes, however, they are still considered as a potential hazard. We herein used avian embryos at 3 days and its chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) at 6 days of incubation to evaluate the impact of synthesized CNFs on the early stage of embryogenesis and angiogenesis. Our data point out that 50 μg/embryo concentration of CNFs provoke adverse effects as 75% of CNFs-exposed embryos die within 1–5 days after exposure compared with their matched controls. Furthermore, CNFs significantly inhibit angiogenesis of the CAM after 48-hours post-treatment. Additionally, RT-PCR analysis on seven key controller genes responsible for proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and apoptosis showed that these genes are deregulated in brain, heart, and liver tissues of CNFs-exposed embryos compared to their matched control. Our investigation suggests that CNFs could have a toxic effect on the early stages of embryogenesis as well as angiogenesis. Nevertheless, further investigations are required to evaluate the effects of CNFs and elucidate their mechanism on the early stage of the normal development and human health.

Targeting HER2-positive breast cancer cells by a combination of dasatinib and BMS-202: Insight into the molecular pathways

“…The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the chicken embryos was treated on day five of incubation to evaluate the outcome of 1 µM of DA and BMS-202, individually and together, on the vascular development of the CAM. The prepared drug was placed on a circular glass coverslip for 48 h, as previously performed by our group [44][45][46][47]. DMSO-treated embryos were used as controls.…”

The Effect of Surface-Modified Gold Nanorods on the Early Stage of Embryonic Development and Angiogenesis: Insight into the Molecular Pathways

“…All procedures were ethically approved by the Institutional Bio-safety committee of Qatar University. Briefly, a small circular incision was made on the top of the eggshell and the membrane was carefully removed by adding ~200 µL of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) [66].…”

“…The mRNA expression signal was read using RT-qPCR (QuantStudioTM 6 Flex RT-qPCR System), and the relative quantity calculation was performed using the 2−∆CT method as described by Rao et al [69], with the fold change being calculated regarding the expression of the housekeeping gene GAPDH. EFCs were generated in our lab as described previously [66]. Cells were suspended in RPMI-1640 media (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Invitrogen, Life Technologies, Waltham, MA, USA) and 1% PenStrep antibiotic (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), then incubated at 37 • C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere.…”

Novel Nitrogen-Based Chalcone Analogs Provoke Substantial Apoptosis in HER2-Positive Human Breast Cancer Cells via JNK and ERK1/ERK2 Signaling Pathways

“…The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the chicken embryos was treated on day five of incubation to evaluate the outcomes of 5 and 10 mM of DK-13 and 14, individually, on the vascular development of the CAM. The prepared compound was placed on a circular glass cover slip for 24 and 48 h, respectively, as previously performed by our group [70,71]. DMSO-treated embryos were used as controls.…”