Signature size distributions for diesel and gasoline engine exhaust particulate matter

Harris, Stephen J.; Maricq, M. Matti

doi:10.1016/s0021-8502(00)00111-7

Cited by 414 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Based on reference SMPS measurements, the distribution is a unimodal with a GMD of 52 nm. This GMD is consistent with previous studies (Harris and Maricq 2001;Zervas and Dorlhene 2006) and suggests that the majority of the particles are accumulation mode soot particles with a mass-mobility scaling exponent of approximately 2.2 (Mariq and Xu 2004; Olfert et al 2007). We expect this condition to represent the relative performance of the size distribution methods when measuring diesel exhaust from engines operating on ULSD without DPF aftertreatment.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Comparison of Vehicle Exhaust Particle Size Distributions Measured by SMPS and EEPS During Steady-State Conditions

Xue

Wang

et al. 2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Fast-sizing spectrometers, such as the TSI Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS), have been widely used to measure transient particle size distributions of vehicle exhaust. Recently, size distributions measured during different test cycles have begun to be used for calculating suspended particulate mass; however, several recent evaluations have shown some deficiencies in this approach and discrepancies relative to the gravimetric reference method. The EEPS converts electrical charge carried by particles into size distributions based on mobility classification and a specific calibration, and TSI recently released a matrix optimized for vehicle emissions as described by Wang et al. (Submitteda). This study evaluates the performance of the new matrix (soot matrix) relative to the original matrix (default matrix) and reference size distributions measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). Steady-state particle size distributions were generated from the following five sources to evaluate exhaust particulates with various morphologies estimated by mass-mobility scaling exponent: (1) A diesel generator operating on ultralow sulfur diesel, (2) a diesel generator operating on biodiesel, (3) a gasoline direct-injection vehicle operating at two speeds, (4) a conventional port-fuel injection gasoline vehicle, and (4) a light-duty diesel (LDD) vehicle equipped with a diesel particulate filter. Generally, the new soot matrix achieved much better agreement with the SMPS reference for particles smaller than 30 nm and larger than 100 nm, and also broadened the accumulation mode distribution that was previously too narrow using the default matrix. However, EEPS distributions still did not agree with SMPS reference measurements when challenged by a strong nucleation mode during high-load operation of the LDD vehicle. This work quantifies the range of accuracy that can be expected when measuring particle size distribution, number concentration, and integrated particle mass of vehicle emissions when using the new static calibration derived based on the properties of classical diesel soot.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Comparison of Vehicle Exhaust Particle Size Distributions Measured by SMPS and EEPS During Steady-State Conditions

Xue

Wang

et al. 2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…In addition, the GMD values for the soot mode of single vehicle emissions are reported to be typically 50-90 nm and GSD values around 1.8 (e.g. Harris and Maricq, 2001). According to the above, the GMD and GSD values of Mode 2 were controlled by the traffic related soot particles.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Road-side Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The larger particle mode (number based geometric mean diameter 40-100 nm) in the vehicle exhaust consists of soot particles and volatile materials condensed on them Harris and Maricq, 2001). These soot particles are agglomerates formed in the engine during the combustion process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These soot particles are agglomerates formed in the engine during the combustion process. The soot particles are emitted mainly from diesel vehicles, whereas gasoline engines emit less soot (Harris and Maricq, 2001). Additionally, soot particles have been observed to be emitted from new technology gasoline direct injection vehicles (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, soot particles have been observed to be emitted from new technology gasoline direct injection vehicles (e.g. Harris and Maricq, 2001). The nucleation mode particles (<30 nm in size) are liquid particles consisting mainly of hydrocarbons, water and sulphates (Kittelson, 1998;Khalek et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winter and summer time size distributions and densities of traffic-related aerosol particles at a busy highway in Helsinki

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Number concentrations and size distributions of traffic related aerosol particles were measured at a roadside in Helsinki during two winter campaigns (10-26 February 2003, 28 January-12 February 2004 and two summer campaigns (12-27 August 2003, 6-20 August 2004. The measurements were performed simultaneously at distances of 9 m and 65 m from the highway. Total number concentrations were measured by a condensation particle counter (CPC) and particle size distributions by a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI). This study concentrates on data that were measured when the wind direction was from the road to the measurement site. The total concentrations in the wintertime were 2-3 times higher than in the summertime and the concentrations were dominated by nucleation mode particles. The particles smaller than 63 nm (aerodynamic diameter) constituted ∼90% of all particles in the wintertime and ∼80% of particles in the summer time. The particle total concentration increased with increasing traffic rate. The effect of traffic rate on particles smaller than 63 nm was stronger than on the larger particles. The particle distributions at the roadside consisted of two distinguishable modes. The geometric mean diameter (GMD) of nucleation mode (Mode 1) was 20.3 nm in summer and 18.9 nm in winter. The GMD of the larger mode consisting mostly of traffic related soot particles (Mode 2) was 72.0 nm in summer and 75.1 nm in winter. The GMD values of the modes did not depend on the traffic rate. The average particle density for each mode was determined by a parallel density fitting method based on the size distribution measurement made by ELPI and SMPS. The average density value for Mode 1 particles Correspondence to: A. Virtanen (annele.virtanen@tut.fi) was 1.0±0.13 g/cm 3 and 1.0±0.07 g/cm 3 both in summer and winter respectively, while the average density value for Mode 2 was 1.5±0.1 g/cm 3 and 1.8±0.3 g/cm 3 for summer and winter, respectively.

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Instruments Based on Electrical Detection of Aerosols

Dhaniyala

Fierz

Keskinen

et al. 2011

Aerosol Measurement

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Signature size distributions for diesel and gasoline engine exhaust particulate matter

Cited by 414 publications

References 31 publications

Comparison of Vehicle Exhaust Particle Size Distributions Measured by SMPS and EEPS During Steady-State Conditions

Comparison of Vehicle Exhaust Particle Size Distributions Measured by SMPS and EEPS During Steady-State Conditions

Winter and summer time size distributions and densities of traffic-related aerosol particles at a busy highway in Helsinki

Instruments Based on Electrical Detection of Aerosols

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