Signal Characteristics of Focal Liver Lesions on Double Echo T2-Weighted Conventional Spin Echo MRI: Observer Performance Versus Quantitative Measurements of T2 Relaxation Times

Fenlon, Helen M.; Tello, Richard; Decarvalho, Victor L.; Yucel, E K

doi:10.1097/00004728-200003000-00004

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In conclusion, we suggest that the first baseline imaging may be done with contrast in patients who have no contraindication to intravenous contrast medium in order to help characterize the liver lesions (differentiating metastases from hemangiomas) as there may be a significant overlap [25,26,27]. A fat-suppressed, respiratory-triggered T 2 FSE sequence and not fat-suppressed T 2 FRFSE sequences may be used as the basic sequence to monitor these metastases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follow-Up of Known Carcinoid Liver Metastases: Is Respiratory-Gated T<sub>2</sub> Fast Spin-Echo Enough?

et al. 2011

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Purpose: To compare the reliability of T₁-weighted, T₂-weighted, and different phases of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the detection and reproducible size assessment of known carcinoid hepatic metastases. Materials and Methods: 22 patients with known carcinoid hepatic metastases qualified for the study. Three readers reviewed MRI images twice independently at sessions that were >2 weeks apart. The best sequences for metastases conspicuity, number and size, and reproducibility of size were compared subjectively. Linear mixed models were used to compare the number and size of metastases between readers and sequences, with the significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The best overall sequence rated was T₂ FSE (fast spin-echo). The average numbers of metastases was equivalent using T₁-weighted arterial and T₂ FSE but less for T₂ FRFSE (fast-recovery, fast spin-echo) or delayed imaging. 1,067 lesions were detected and 66 were measured twice by three readers. There was no significant difference between the sequences or between the readings in size measurement when the same sequence was used. However, there was a difference among sequences for size of metastases (p < 0.001). Conclusion: T₂ FSE can be used as a basic sequence in detecting and monitoring the size of carcinoid hepatic metastases and may serve as the primary sequence in patients with contrast allergy or at risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follow-Up of Known Carcinoid Liver Metastases: Is Respiratory-Gated T<sub>2</sub> Fast Spin-Echo Enough?

et al. 2011

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“…However, when they are obtained, quantitative measurements have the potential for usefulness in multiple clinical scenarios, such as differentiating cirrhotic from noncirrhotic liver (1), providing surrogate markers of function in native and transplanted kidneys (2), hepatic lesion characterization (3)(4)(5), and assessment of response to treatment (6,7). However, quantitative MR imaging is often an inefficient process, because multiple weighted images are needed to generate a single map, and can be extremely challenging in moving regions, such as the abdomen.…”

Section: Implications For Patient Carementioning

confidence: 99%

MR Fingerprinting for Rapid Quantitative Abdominal Imaging

Chen¹,

Jiang²,

Pahwa³

et al. 2016

Radiology

187

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).q RSNA, 2016 Purpose:To develop a magnetic resonance (MR) "fingerprinting" technique for quantitative abdominal imaging. Materials and Methods:This HIPAA-compliant study had institutional review board approval, and informed consent was obtained from all subjects. To achieve accurate quantification in the presence of marked B 0 and B 1 field inhomogeneities, the MR fingerprinting framework was extended by using a twodimensional fast imaging with steady-state free precession, or FISP, acquisition and a Bloch-Siegert B 1 mapping method. The accuracy of the proposed technique was validated by using agarose phantoms. Quantitative measurements were performed in eight asymptomatic subjects and in six patients with 20 focal liver lesions. A two-tailed Student t test was used to compare the T1 and T2 results in metastatic adenocarcinoma with those in surrounding liver parenchyma and healthy subjects. Results:Phantom experiments showed good agreement with standard methods in T1 and T2 after B 1 correction. In vivo studies demonstrated that quantitative T1, T2, and B 1 maps can be acquired within a breath hold of approximately 19 seconds. T1 and T2 measurements were compatible with those in the literature. Representative values included the following: liver, 745 msec 6 65 (standard deviation) and 31 msec 6 6; renal medulla, 1702 msec 6 205 and 60 msec 6 21; renal cortex, 1314 msec 6 77 and 47 msec 6 10; spleen, 1232 msec 6 92 and 60 msec 6 19; skeletal muscle, 1100 msec 6 59 and 44 msec 6 9; and fat, 253 msec 6 42 and 77 msec 6 16, respectively. T1 and T2 in metastatic adenocarcinoma were 1673 msec 6 331 and 43 msec 6 13, respectively, significantly different from surrounding liver parenchyma relaxation times of 840 msec 6 113 and 28 msec 6 3 (P , .0001 and P , .01) and those in hepatic parenchyma in healthy volunteers (745 msec 6 65 and 31 msec 6 6, P , .0001 and P = .021, respectively). Conclusion:A rapid technique for quantitative abdominal imaging was developed that allows simultaneous quantification of multiple tissue properties within one 19-second breath hold, with measurements comparable to those in published literature.q RSNA, 2016

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“…In the past, calculation of the T2 relaxation time was deemed useful for its differential diagnosis with other focal liver lesions, since a relaxation value of at least 112 ms could differentiate it from metastases with a 92-97% accuracy [5,6,12,[14][15][16]. Other MRI approaches may include a double-echo heavily T2-w sequence [17,18], a fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) or the use of the balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence [19,20], which can discriminate between haemangiomas and simple liver cysts without the need for contrast injection (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Common Imaging Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver haemangioma: common and uncommon findings and how to improve the differential diagnosis

et al. 2007

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Haemangiomas are common focal liver lesions, generally detected in the work-up of asymptomatic patients. From the pathological point of view, they can be classified as small (capillary) or large, with cavernous vascular spaces that may show thrombosis, calcifications and hyalinisation. The polymorphic imaging appearance of haemangiomas depends on their histological features and flow pattern. The widespread use of cross-sectional imaging has allowed an increased detection rate and a better characterisation of this benign tumour. Recent developments of ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) providing high spatial and temporal resolution, together with the use of new contrast agents and/or pulse sequences has broadened the spectrum of imaging findings, contributing to diagnostic refinement in difficult cases. The scope of the present article is to provide an overview of the range of appearances of haemangiomas, explored with recent crosssectional imaging modalities, emphasising its atypical findings as explored by temporally resolved contrast-enhanced imaging.

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Signal Characteristics of Focal Liver Lesions on Double Echo T2-Weighted Conventional Spin Echo MRI: Observer Performance Versus Quantitative Measurements of T2 Relaxation Times

Cited by 38 publications

References 28 publications

Follow-Up of Known Carcinoid Liver Metastases: Is Respiratory-Gated T<sub>2</sub> Fast Spin-Echo Enough?

Follow-Up of Known Carcinoid Liver Metastases: Is Respiratory-Gated T<sub>2</sub> Fast Spin-Echo Enough?

MR Fingerprinting for Rapid Quantitative Abdominal Imaging

Liver haemangioma: common and uncommon findings and how to improve the differential diagnosis

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