Sign Language Technologies and the Critical Role of SL Resources in View of Future Internet Accessibility Services

Abstract

In this paper, we touch upon the requirement for accessibility via Sign Language as regards dynamic composition and exchange of new content in the context of natural language-based human interaction, and also the accessibility of web services and electronic content in written text by deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals. In this framework, one key issue remains the option for composition of signed "text", along with the ability for the reuse of pre-existing signed "text" by exploiting basic editing facilities similar to those available for written text that serve vocal language representation. An equally critical related issue is accessibility of vocal language text by born or early deaf signers, as well as the use of web-based facilities via Sign Language-supported interfaces, taking into account that the majority of native signers present limited reading skills. It is, thus, demonstrated how Sign Language technologies and resources may be integrated in human-centered applications, enabling web services and content accessibility in the education and an everyday communication context, in order to facilitate integration of signer populations in a societal environment that is strongly defined by smart life style conditions. This potential is also demonstrated by end-user-evaluation results.

Optimizing the Cultivation Path of College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ability from the Perspective of the Internet

“…Students can adjust the learning speed according to their own situation and can skip the knowledge they have mastered at any time. It can also repeatedly learn the knowledge that think it has not mastered enough and finally achieve the learning goal through step-by-step learning [26]. The Internet can promote the change of teaching concepts, and innovation and entrepreneurship education in the perspective of the Internet has put forward higher requirements for teachers, so that teachers can actively change the traditional teaching concept and change the teaching method for the purpose of theoretical learning [27].…”

Special issue on sign language translation and avatar technology

“…Examples include the development of portraying sign language classifiers, which are highly visual and have no easy translation into words of spoken languages [11], and the portrayal of multiple processes that occur simultaneously on a signer's face [12]. Increased efforts in involving Deaf researchers and Deaf users have resulted in better authoring tools [13] and more Deaf-friendly methods for evaluation [14]. The results have facilitated a steady improvement in the legibility of the sign languages portrayed via avatar [15].…”

What about synthetic signing? A methodology for signer involvement in the development of avatar technology with generative capacity

“…All lemmas in the database are enriched with phonetic transcriptions according to the HamNoSys coding system (Hanke, 2004). This transcription enables synthetic signing productions via animation through an avatar character (Efthimiou et al, 2019).…”