Sighting of El Chichón Sulfur Dioxide Clouds with the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer

Krueger, Arlin J.

doi:10.1126/science.220.4604.1377

Cited by 306 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Over the last decades, a host of satellite-based UV-visible instruments have been used for the monitoring of anthropogenic and volcanic SO 2 emissions. Total vertical column density (VCD) of SO 2 has been retrieved with the sensors TOMS (Krueger, 1983), GOME (Eisinger and Burrows, 1998;Thomas et al, 2005;Khokar et al, 2005), SCIAMACHY (Afe et al, 2004), OMI (Krotkov et al, 2006;Yang et al, 2007Yang et al, , 2010Li et al, 2013;Theys et al, 2015), GOME-2 Bobrowski et al, 2010;Nowlan et al, 2011;Rix et al, 2012;Hörmann et al, 2013) and OMPS . In particular, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) has largely demonstrated the value of satellite UV-visible remote sensing (1) in monitoring volcanic plumes in near-real time (Brenot et al, 2014) and changes in volcanic degassing at the global scale , and references therein) and (2) in detecting and quantifying large anthropogenic SO 2 emissions, weak or N. Theys et al: S-5P SO 2 algorithm theoretical basis unreported emission sources worldwide (Theys et al, 2015;Fioletov et al, 2016;McLinden et al, 2016) as well as investigating their long-term changes van der A et al, 2016;He et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur dioxide retrievals from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor: algorithm theoretical basis

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (S-5P) platform will measure ultraviolet earthshine radiances at high spectral and improved spatial resolution (pixel size of 7 km × 3.5 km at nadir) compared to its predecessors OMI and GOME-2. This paper presents the sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) vertical column retrieval algorithm implemented in the S-5P operational processor UPAS (Universal Processor for UV/VIS Atmospheric Spectrometers) and comprehensively describes its various retrieval steps. The spectral fitting is performed using the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) method including multiple fitting windows to cope with the large range of atmospheric SO 2 columns encountered. It is followed by a slant column background correction scheme to reduce possible biases or across-track-dependent artifacts in the data. The SO 2 vertical columns are obtained by applying air mass factors (AMFs) calculated for a set of representative a priori profiles and accounting for various parameters influencing the retrieval sensitivity to SO 2 . Finally, the algorithm includes an error analysis module which is fully described here. We also discuss verification results (as part of the algorithm development) and future validation needs of the TROPOMI SO 2 algorithm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur dioxide retrievals from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor: algorithm theoretical basis

et al. 2017

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“…7) has been made (Herman et al 2018) with the assimilated ozone product from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), based on Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and total column ozone from the OMI. All of the structures in the EPIC ozone retrieval are present in the MERRA-2 (Bluth et al 1993(Bluth et al , 1997Carn et al 2003Carn et al , 2015Carn et al , 2016Carn and Krotkov 2016;Guo et al 2004;Krotkov et al 1999a,b;Krueger 1983;Krueger et al 1995Krueger et al , 2000Li et al 2017;Pavolonis et al 2013;Prata 1989;Prata and Kerkmann 2007;Prata et al 2003Realmuto 2000;Wen and Rose 1994 (Prata 1989;Realmuto 2000;Ackerman et al 2008;Pavolonis et al 2013). DSCOVR EPIC provides the first opportunity to observe transient volcanic clouds globally from L1.…”

Section: Products Epic Ozone and Lambert Equivalent Reflectivity Retmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth Observations from DSCOVR EPIC Instrument

Marshak

Herman

Szabo

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

138

140

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) spacecraft was launched on 11 February 2015 and in June 2015 achieved its orbit at the first Lagrange point (L1), 1.5 million km from Earth toward the sun. There are two National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth-observing instruments on board: the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Advanced Radiometer (NISTAR). The purpose of this paper is to describe various capabilities of the DSCOVR EPIC instrument. EPIC views the entire sunlit Earth from sunrise to sunset at the backscattering direction (scattering angles between 168.5° and 175.5°) with 10 narrowband filters: 317, 325, 340, 388, 443, 552, 680, 688, 764, and 779 nm. We discuss a number of preprocessing steps necessary for EPIC calibration including the geolocation algorithm and the radiometric calibration for each wavelength channel in terms of EPIC counts per second for conversion to reflectance units. The principal EPIC products are total ozone (O3) amount, scene reflectivity, erythemal irradiance, ultraviolet (UV) aerosol properties, sulfur dioxide (SO2) for volcanic eruptions, surface spectral reflectance, vegetation properties, and cloud products including cloud height. Finally, we describe the observation of horizontally oriented ice crystals in clouds and the unexpected use of the O2 B-band absorption for vegetation properties.

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“…Our background atmospheric model accounts for absorption by ozone and multiple-scattering by air molecules. A volcanic eruption can produce enough SO2 in a plume to cause UV absorption comparable to or even exceeding the ozone absorption at the shortest TOMS wavelengths, making it possible to detect and track the fresh volcanic clouds [Krueger, 1983;Krueger et al, 1995].…”

Section: Gaseous Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet optical model of volcanic clouds for remote sensing of ash and sulfur dioxide

Krotkov¹,

Krueger²,

Bhartia³

1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. The total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) instruments have detected every significant volcanic eruption from November 1978 to December 1994 on the Nimbus 7 and Meteor 3 satellites and since July 1996 on the new satellites, TOMS-Earth Probe and ADEOS. We apply a radiative transfer model to simulate the albedos of these fresh eruption clouds to study the limitations of the present algorithm which assumes an absorbing cloud above a scattering atmosphere. The conditions are found to be approximated when the total absorption optical depth is less than 2 (i.e., 100 Dobson units (DU) SO2 at 312 nm or 300 DU SO2 at 317 nm). The spectral dependence of the albedo of a nonabsorbing Rayleigh atmosphere can be specified by only two parameters which are uniquely different when ash or sulfate aerosols are present in the stratosphere. However, the interaction between ash scattering and SO 2 absorption within a volcanic cloud produces a nonlinear effect at strongly absorbing wavelengths that accounts for overestimation of sulfur dioxide in ash-laden volcanic clouds by the Krueger et al. [1995] algorithm. Correction of this error requires knowledge of the ash properties. A method for determining two of the ash parameters from the longer TOMS wavelengths is described. Given the altitude of the cloud, surface reflectivity, and an estimate of effective variance of the ash size distribution, the optical thickness and either the effective radius or the index of refraction can be deduced. The ash retrievals are also needed to evaluate the tephra/gas ratio of eruptions and to compare the ash properties of different volcanoes. IntroductionThe purposes of this paper are to describe an optical model of volcanic clouds at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, to describe the simulated albedos used to test retrieval algorithms, to study limitations of remote sensing of thick volcanic clouds, to examine the interaction between ash scattering and sulfur dioxide absorption within a volcanic cloud, and to show the possibility of measuring ash properties from space. The sulfur dioxide results in the various volcanic cloud papers are based on the algorithm described by Krueger et al. [1995] using the level-2 Nimbus 7 data and calibration available prior to 1995. This algorithm was tested under lowlatitude conditions with simulated volcanic cloud albedos and found to produce SO2 retrievals with errors less than _+10%. However, when ash is present in the volcanic cloud, the retrieval overestimated sulfur dioxide by 15-25% depending on the particle size and composition. Because of this unexpected Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. Paper number 97JD01690.0148-0227/97/97JD-01690509.00 relation between sulfur dioxide and ash we initiated a study of the optical properties of volcanic clouds. A proposed optical model which includes ozone and SO2 gas absorption and scattering by volcanic ash is described in this paper.Given the optical model of a volcanic plume, we solve the radiative transfer equation to obtain the albedo at the TOMS...

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Sighting of El Chichón Sulfur Dioxide Clouds with the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer

Cited by 306 publications

References 2 publications

Sulfur dioxide retrievals from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor: algorithm theoretical basis

Sulfur dioxide retrievals from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor: algorithm theoretical basis

Earth Observations from DSCOVR EPIC Instrument

Ultraviolet optical model of volcanic clouds for remote sensing of ash and sulfur dioxide

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