Sideropenijska Anemija U Adolescenciji

Abstract

Iron deficiciency anemia ( IDA) is the most common health problem that affects infants and young children worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, the global prevalence of Iron deficiency anemia was 32.9% (1). There is an increase in the need for iron among the adolescent population and they are more likely to have low iron stores and sideropenic anemia, which is often unrecognized and/or detected later in life. When the symptoms occur, they are caused primarily by anemia and may include weakness, headache, irritability, different types of fatigue as well as exhaustion occurring after strong physical effort. Furthermore, long-term iron deficiency can lead to impaired cognitive functions, learning capacity and reduced ability to concentrate. The symptoms develop gradually and may go unnoticed over a long period of time. The manifestation of iron deficiency occurs in several stages and is characterized by a progressive form of anemia. Risk factors for the development of sideropenia and then IDA include: an increase in muscle and total body weight and an increase in hemoglobin mass, the loss of blood through heavy menstrual bleeding, malnutrition, intense physical activity, vegetarian diets, obesity, infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria as well as chronic diseases. Criteria for anemia in children depend on their age and for adolescents are: Girls: 12 years and older: ferritin <15 µgr/L i hemoglobin <12 g/dL; Boys: 12 to 15 years: ferritin <15 µgr/L i hemoglobin <12 g/dL Boys: 15 years and older: ferritin <15 µgr /L i hemoglobin <13 g/dL.Adolescents should be screened at least once a year for iron deficiency and if any of the risk factors are diagnosed, laboratory tests should be performed. Follow-up is very important to confirm the diagnosis and should start at the age of 12 (puberty), and be repeated annually for the next five years. This is especially important for adolescent girls between the ages of 12 and 15, as they often have anemia due to monthly blood loss through menstruation, but there is also a significant number of adolescents who have suboptimal dietary iron intake. The recommended therapeutic dose for adolescents varies from 65 mg to 130 mg of elemental iron per day. Klinika za dječije bolesti, Univerzitetski Klinički centar Republike Srpske Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u BanjaluciSideropenijska anemija je najčešći zdravstveni problem dojenčadi i male djece u cijelom svijetu. Globalna prevalencija sideropenijske anemije prema Svjetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji iznosi 32,9% (1). Adolescencija je vrijeme povećanih potreba za željezom i adolescenti imaju često neprepoznatu i/ili kasno otkrivenu sideropenijsku anemiju. Kada se pojave simptomi, oni su uzrokovani prvenstveno anemijom i uključuju slabost, glavobolju, razdražljivost i različit stepen umora te brzo zamaranje u fizičkom naporu. Osim toga, dugotrajni manjak željeza može narušiti kognitivnu funkciju, koncentraciju i sposobnost učenja. Simptomi se razvijaju postupno i dugo se zanemaruju. Laboratorijske manifestacije nedos...