Side‐chain modifications of phyllobilins may not be essential for chlorophyll degradation in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Hauenstein, Mareike; Hörtensteiner, Stefan; Aubry, Sylvain

doi:10.1002/pld3.441

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Chlorophyll degradation was a conserved pathway during the aging leaves of green plants, and affects the side-chain modification groups of chloroplast proteins. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b differ only in side-chain modification groups, which can be transformed into each other in the chlorophyll metabolic pathway [35]. At the ripening stage of plants, the decrease of chlorophyll content in leaves could be inhibited with BR spraying, thereby maintaining high photosynthetic efficiency and ensuring the accumulation of nutrients in the fruits and seed [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exogenous 24-Epibrassinolide Leaves Spraying Application on Chlorophyll Accumulation and Gene Expression Profiles of Chlorophyll Metabolism in Celery

Chen,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Horticulturae

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Celery is an important leaf vegetable crop in Apiaceae, of which the petiole and leaf blade are the main edible parts. The content and proportion of photosynthetic pigments, mainly chlorophyll, have an important effect on the growth and quality of celery. As a brassinosteroid (BR) plant hormone with high physiological activity, 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) has the physiological functions of promoting chlorophyll accumulation and delaying leaf senescence. To investigate the effects of 24-EBL treatment on chlorophyll accumulation at different growth stages of celery, celery plants (variety Ningqin NO. 1) were treated from 45~59 days after sowing (DAS), at intervals of 7 days, with two different concentrations of 24-EBL: 1.04 × 10−6 mol·L−1 and 1.67 × 10−6 mol·L−1. The content of chlorophyll and the expression levels of genes related to its metabolism were determined in celery leaf blades and petioles at three different stages (52, 59, 66 DAS). In the first stage (52 DAS), 1.04 × 10−6 mol·L−1 treatment of 24-EBL increased the expression levels of genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis (AgHEML, AgCHLG, and AgCAO) to promote the accumulation of chlorophyll in leaf blades. During the second and third stages (59 and 66 DAS, respectively), 1.67 × 10−6 mol·L−1 24-EBL treatment induced the expression levels of genes related to chlorophyll cyclic regeneration (AgCLH) and inhibited the up-regulation of genes related to chlorophyll degradation (AgNYC, AgHCAR, and AgPPH) to promote chlorophyll (especially chlorophyll b) accumulation. These treatments regulated the ratio of chlorophyll a content to chlorophyll b content and changed the leaf color of the celery. The results show that leaf spraying with an appropriate concentration of 24-EBL can facilitate chlorophyll synthesis by promoting chlorophyll synthesis and cycling-related gene expression levels and increase chlorophyll content in the leaves of celery. This study provides a reference for exploring the specific function of 24-EBL in regulating chlorophyll content during the growth and development of celery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exogenous 24-Epibrassinolide Leaves Spraying Application on Chlorophyll Accumulation and Gene Expression Profiles of Chlorophyll Metabolism in Celery

Chen,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Horticulturae

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“…In recent years, the study of chlorophyll synthesis and the degradation pathway has become a hot topic [19][20][21]. Chl metabolism is strictly regulated at different stages of plant development [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Photosynthesis Characteristics and Chlorophyll Metabolism in Leaves of Citrus Cultivar (Harumi) with Varying Degrees of Chlorosis

Xiong,

Li,

et al. 2023

IJMS

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In autumn and spring, citrus leaves with a Ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan) genetic background (Harumi, Daya, etc.) are prone to abnormal physiological chlorosis. The effects of different degrees of chlorosis (normal, mild, moderate and severe) on photosynthesis and the chlorophyll metabolism of leaves of Citrus cultivar (Harumi) were studied via field experiment. Compared with severe chlorotic leaves, the results showed that chlorosis could break leaf metabolism balance, including reduced chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity and enzyme activity related to chlorophyll synthesis, increased catalase and decreased enzyme activity. In addition, the content of chlorophyll synthesis precursors showed an overall downward trend expected for uroporphyrinogen III. Furthermore, the relative expression of genes for chlorophyll synthesis (HEMA1, HEME2, HEMG1 and CHLH) was down-regulated to some extent and chlorophyll degradation (CAO, CLH, PPH, PAO and SGR) showed the opposite trend with increased chlorosis. Changes in degradation were more significant. In general, the chlorosis of Harumi leaves might be related to the blocked transformation of uroporphyrinogen III (Urogen III) to coproporphyrinogen III (Coprogen III), the weakening of antioxidant enzyme system activity, the weakening of chlorophyll synthesis and the enhancement in degradation.

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“…In contrast to the heme degradation pathway, Chl degradation yields a striking diversity of catabolites, with more and more structural modifications being discovered [ 30 ]. Although the observed high diversity of catabolites appears to be less relevant for the breakdown process [ 31 ], it calls for investigations of bioactivities related to human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Chlorophyll-Derived Phylloxanthobilin Is a Potent Antioxidant That Modulates Immunometabolism in Human PBMC

Karg

Parráková²,

Fuchs³

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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Phyllobilins are natural products derived from the degradation of chlorophyll, which proceeds via a common and strictly controlled pathway in higher plants. The resulting tetrapyrrolic catabolites—the phyllobilins—are ubiquitous in nature; despite their high abundance, there is still a lack of knowledge about their physiological properties. Phyllobilins are part of human nutrition and were shown to be potent antioxidants accounting with interesting physiological properties. Three different naturally occurring types of phyllobilins—a phylloleucobilin, a dioxobilin-type phylloleucobilin and a phylloxanthobilin (PxB)—were compared regarding potential antioxidative properties in a cell-free and in a cell-based antioxidant activity test system, demonstrating the strongest effect for the PxB. Moreover, the PxB was investigated for its capacity to interfere with immunoregulatory metabolic pathways of tryptophan breakdown in human blood peripheral mononuclear cells. A dose-dependent inhibition of tryptophan catabolism to kynurenine was observed, suggesting a suppressive effect on pathways of cellular immune activation. Although the exact mechanisms of immunomodulatory effects are yet unknown, these prominent bioactivities point towards health-relevant effects, which warrant further mechanistic investigations and the assessment of the in vivo extrapolatability of results. Thus, phyllobilins are a still surprisingly unexplored family of natural products that merit further investigation.

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Side‐chain modifications of phyllobilins may not be essential for chlorophyll degradation in Arabidopsis

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of Exogenous 24-Epibrassinolide Leaves Spraying Application on Chlorophyll Accumulation and Gene Expression Profiles of Chlorophyll Metabolism in Celery

Effects of Exogenous 24-Epibrassinolide Leaves Spraying Application on Chlorophyll Accumulation and Gene Expression Profiles of Chlorophyll Metabolism in Celery

Identification of Photosynthesis Characteristics and Chlorophyll Metabolism in Leaves of Citrus Cultivar (Harumi) with Varying Degrees of Chlorosis

A Chlorophyll-Derived Phylloxanthobilin Is a Potent Antioxidant That Modulates Immunometabolism in Human PBMC

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