Shrinkage vectors in flowable bulk-fill and conventional composites: bulk versus incremental application

Kaisarly, Dalia; Gezawi, Moataz El; Keßler, Andreas; Rösch, Peter; Kunzelmann, Karl‐Heinz

doi:10.1007/s00784-020-03412-3

Cited by 27 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(134 reference statements)

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“…The cavity depth and diameter were checked using a graduated periodontal probe. The use of a cylindrical cavity is in agreement with previous investigations, and it was chosen because the cavity cylindrical configuration exerts no influence [17,[20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The flowable bulk-fill composites TEF and SDR were used, and 2 wt% silanized radiolucent glass beads with an average particle size of 40-70 μm (Sigmund Lindner GmbH, Warmensteinach, Germany) were added to the flowable composites to act as tracer particles [17,[20][21][22][23]. The glass beads Sigmund Lindner GmbH, Warmensteinach, Germany Fig.…”

Section: Preparation Of Traceable Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samples were scanned by a micro-CT apparatus (Micro-CT 40, Scanco Medical AG, Switzerland) at medium resolution (voxel size, 16 μm) with a cathode current of 114 μA, acceleration voltage of 70 kVp, and integration time of 600 ms. Water was added to the sample holder to prevent dehydration and possible cracking of the tooth during scanning. The sample holder was covered upon scanning with a dark, radiolucent cap to prevent premature polymerization of the uncured composite [17,[20][21][22][23]. The flowable composites TEF and SDR were scanned with the average of 1 dataset "average data 1", while TBF was scanned with the average of 2 datasets "average data 2" to decrease the noise and/or artifacts due to its increased radiopacity.…”

Section: X-ray Micro-ct Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method of shrinkage vector evaluation is a highly sensitive method that enables the visualization of internal mass movement during polymerization. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans of composite restorations before and after polymerization allow visualization of the threedimensional movement of the composite material as vectors with the help of markers, which enables us to understand the amount and direction of polymerization shrinkage [5,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers have found that bulkfill composites behave similarly to incrementally applied composites [26], while others have found that flowable bulk-fill composites achieve better marginal adaptation than packable bulk-fill composites [27,28]. The incremental application of a flowable bulk-fill composite reportedly resulted in smaller shrinkage vectors than its bulk application [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of flowable liners on the shrinkage vectors of bulk-fill composites

et al. 2021

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Objectives This investigation evaluated the effect of flowable liners beneath a composite restoration applied via different methods on the pattern of shrinkage vectors. Methods Forty molars were divided into five groups (n = 8), and cylindrical cavities were prepared and bonded with a self-etch adhesive (AdheSe). Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TBF) was used as the filling material in all cavities. The flowable liners Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill (TEF) and SDR were used to line the cavity floor. In gp1-TBF, the flowable composite was not used. TEF was applied in a thin layer in gp2-fl/TEF + TBF and gp3-fl/TEF + TBFincremental. Two flowable composites with a layer thickness of 2 mm were compared in gp4-fl/TEF + TBF and gp5-fl/SDR + TBF. TEF and SDR were mixed with radiolucent glass beads, while air bubbles inherently present in TBF served as markers. Each material application was scanned twice by micro-computed tomography before and after light curing. Scans were subjected to image segmentation for calculation of the shrinkage vectors. Results The absence of a flowable liner resulted in the greatest shrinkage vectors. A thin flowable liner (gp2-fl/TEF + TBFbulk) resulted in larger overall shrinkage vectors for the whole restoration than a thick flowable liner (gp4-fl/TEF + TBF). A thin flowable liner and incremental application (gp3-fl/TEF + TBFincremental) yielded the smallest shrinkage vectors. SDR yielded slightly smaller shrinkage vectors for the whole restoration than that observed in gp4-fl/TEF + TBF. Conclusions Thick flowable liner layers had a more pronounced stress-relieving effect than thin layers regardless of the flowable liner type. Clinical relevance It is recommended to apply a flowable liner (thin or thick) beneath bulk-fill composites, preferably incrementally.

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Preparation Of Traceable Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: X-ray Micro-ct Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of flowable liners on the shrinkage vectors of bulk-fill composites

et al. 2021

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Comparison of polymerization shrinkage of a new bulk‐fill flowable composite with other composites: An in vitro study

Tusi

Hamdollahpoor

Savadroodbari

et al. 2022

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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Objective: Since composites still face a critical problem called polymerization shrinkage and bulk-fill composites have reported acceptable results for this issue, this study aims to assess the polymerization shrinkage of a new bulk-fill flowable composite (G-aenial bulk injectable [GBI]) and compare it to other bulk-fill and conventional composites. Materials and Methods:In this in vitro study, 25 composite discs were fabricated using three bulk-fill and two conventional composites. They were bonded to a microscopic slide and were covered by a coverslip. This assembly was transferred to a linear variable differential transformer and composite samples were cured from underneath the slides. Dimensional changes formed in composite samples were recorded. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey's and Dunnett's tests. Results:The groups were significantly different regarding polymerization shrinkage.G-aenial bulk injectable and G-aenial universal flo showed significantly higher polymerization shrinkage than other composites at 30, 60, and 1800 s after light irradiation, while X-tra fil and Filtek Z250 showed the lowest polymerization shrinkage at the aforementioned time points. Conclusion:According to the results, the new composite had polymerization shrinkage similar to the conventional one. Bulk-fill composites reported similar or lower shrinkage to conventional composites.

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