Showing-off and aggression in young children

Social dominance in preschool classrooms.

“…The significant decrement in aggression during the spring term, relative to the two preceding terms, might have been due to the fact that during the spring term children were together continuously for a longer period of time than in other terms (Hold-Cavell, 1985). For example, the fall term had interruptions associated with Thanksgiving and Christmas breaks, and between winter and spring children were off for almost a month.…”

“…Social displays have been measured by peer visual regard, or the number of children looking at a focal child (Chance, 1967; Vaughn & Waters, 1981; Waters, Gornal, Garber, & Vaughn, 1983), and physical size, as a proxy for physical prowess (Gangestad & Thornhill, 2004; Sell, 2005; Tokuda & Jensen, 1969). Indeed, the visual regard that children receive from their peers has been proffered as an indicator of social dominance (Chance, 1967; Hold-Cavell, 1985; Vaughn et al, 2003; Vaughn & Waters, 1981). As such, we posit that peer visual regard will be positively correlated with observed cooperation as well as with winning aggressive contests.…”

Social dominance in preschool classrooms.

“…The significant decrement in aggression during the spring term, relative to the two preceding terms, might have been due to the fact that during the spring term children were together continuously for a longer period of time than in other terms (Hold-Cavell, 1985). For example, the fall term had interruptions associated with Thanksgiving and Christmas breaks, and between winter and spring children were off for almost a month.…”

“…Social displays have been measured by peer visual regard, or the number of children looking at a focal child (Chance, 1967; Vaughn & Waters, 1981; Waters, Gornal, Garber, & Vaughn, 1983), and physical size, as a proxy for physical prowess (Gangestad & Thornhill, 2004; Sell, 2005; Tokuda & Jensen, 1969). Indeed, the visual regard that children receive from their peers has been proffered as an indicator of social dominance (Chance, 1967; Hold-Cavell, 1985; Vaughn et al, 2003; Vaughn & Waters, 1981). As such, we posit that peer visual regard will be positively correlated with observed cooperation as well as with winning aggressive contests.…”

The Ontogenesis of Social Dominance: A Strategy-Based Evolutionary Perspective

“…Children at these ages lack the verbal abilities and social skills to negotiate with their peers in ways that involve explicit consideration for the desires and feelings of others without direct adult coaching. But despite the coercive nature of resource acquisition strategies of this age group, dominant toddlers and preschoolers appear to be socially central: They are looked at more than subordinant children (Abramovitch, 1976;Hawley & Little, in press;Hold-Cavell, 1985;Hold-Cavell & Borsutzky, 1986;LaFreniere & Charlesworth, 1983;Strayer & Trudel, 1984;Vaughn & Waters, 1981), are more attractive social partners (Hold-Cavell & Borsutzky, 1986;LaFreniere & Charlesworth, 1983;Strayer & Trudel, 1984), and are preferred models of peer imitation (Abramovitch & Grusec, 1978;Hawley & Little, in press;Mischel & Grusec, 1966;Pettit et al, 1990;Russon & Waite, 1991).…”

Aggression, friendship, and reconciliation in Russian primary schoolchildren

“…Children's aggressive behavior has been addressed by numerous specialists [Dawe, 1934;Appel, 1942;Attili, 1985;Attili and Boggi, 1985;Hold-Cavell, 1985;Strayer and Noel, 1986;Smith, 1989;Smith and Boulton, 1990;Dodge et al, 1990aDodge et al, , 1990b. Relationships between aggression and gender, social status, rough-and-tumble play, rela-tionship quality (friendship), etc., have been established [Blurton Jones, 1972;McGrew, 1972;Hold-Cavell, 1985;Humphreys and Smith, 1987;Bjorkqvist et al, 1992;Campbell et al, 1992], and the general effect of social environment on aggressive behavior has been demonstrated [Smith and Connolly, 1980]. Only a few writers, however, have examined postconflict interactions between former opponents and the reaction of other group members to conflicts [McGrew, 1972;Strayer and Strayer, 1976;Sackin and Thelen, 1984;Grammer, 1992].…”

Social dominance in preschool classrooms.

“…The significant decrement in aggression during the spring term, relative to the two preceding terms, might have been due to the fact that during the spring term children were together continuously for a longer period of time than in other terms (Hold-Cavell, 1985). For example, the fall term had interruptions associated with Thanksgiving and Christmas breaks, and between winter and spring children were off for almost a month.…”

“…Social displays have been measured by peer visual regard, or the number of children looking at a focal child (Chance, 1967; Vaughn & Waters, 1981; Waters, Gornal, Garber, & Vaughn, 1983), and physical size, as a proxy for physical prowess (Gangestad & Thornhill, 2004; Sell, 2005; Tokuda & Jensen, 1969). Indeed, the visual regard that children receive from their peers has been proffered as an indicator of social dominance (Chance, 1967; Hold-Cavell, 1985; Vaughn et al, 2003; Vaughn & Waters, 1981). As such, we posit that peer visual regard will be positively correlated with observed cooperation as well as with winning aggressive contests.…”

The Ontogenesis of Social Dominance: A Strategy-Based Evolutionary Perspective

“…Children at these ages lack the verbal abilities and social skills to negotiate with their peers in ways that involve explicit consideration for the desires and feelings of others without direct adult coaching. But despite the coercive nature of resource acquisition strategies of this age group, dominant toddlers and preschoolers appear to be socially central: They are looked at more than subordinant children (Abramovitch, 1976;Hawley & Little, in press;Hold-Cavell, 1985;Hold-Cavell & Borsutzky, 1986;LaFreniere & Charlesworth, 1983;Strayer & Trudel, 1984;Vaughn & Waters, 1981), are more attractive social partners (Hold-Cavell & Borsutzky, 1986;LaFreniere & Charlesworth, 1983;Strayer & Trudel, 1984), and are preferred models of peer imitation (Abramovitch & Grusec, 1978;Hawley & Little, in press;Mischel & Grusec, 1966;Pettit et al, 1990;Russon & Waite, 1991).…”

Aggression, friendship, and reconciliation in Russian primary schoolchildren

“…Children's aggressive behavior has been addressed by numerous specialists [Dawe, 1934;Appel, 1942;Attili, 1985;Attili and Boggi, 1985;Hold-Cavell, 1985;Strayer and Noel, 1986;Smith, 1989;Smith and Boulton, 1990;Dodge et al, 1990aDodge et al, , 1990b. Relationships between aggression and gender, social status, rough-and-tumble play, rela-tionship quality (friendship), etc., have been established [Blurton Jones, 1972;McGrew, 1972;Hold-Cavell, 1985;Humphreys and Smith, 1987;Bjorkqvist et al, 1992;Campbell et al, 1992], and the general effect of social environment on aggressive behavior has been demonstrated [Smith and Connolly, 1980]. Only a few writers, however, have examined postconflict interactions between former opponents and the reaction of other group members to conflicts [McGrew, 1972;Strayer and Strayer, 1976;Sackin and Thelen, 1984;Grammer, 1992].…”

Social dominance in preschool classrooms.

“…The significant decrement in aggression during the spring term, relative to the two preceding terms, might have been due to the fact that during the spring term children were together continuously for a longer period of time than in other terms (Hold-Cavell, 1985). For example, the fall term had interruptions associated with Thanksgiving and Christmas breaks, and between winter and spring children were off for almost a month.…”

“…Social displays have been measured by peer visual regard, or the number of children looking at a focal child (Chance, 1967; Vaughn & Waters, 1981; Waters, Gornal, Garber, & Vaughn, 1983), and physical size, as a proxy for physical prowess (Gangestad & Thornhill, 2004; Sell, 2005; Tokuda & Jensen, 1969). Indeed, the visual regard that children receive from their peers has been proffered as an indicator of social dominance (Chance, 1967; Hold-Cavell, 1985; Vaughn et al, 2003; Vaughn & Waters, 1981). As such, we posit that peer visual regard will be positively correlated with observed cooperation as well as with winning aggressive contests.…”

The Ontogenesis of Social Dominance: A Strategy-Based Evolutionary Perspective

“…Children at these ages lack the verbal abilities and social skills to negotiate with their peers in ways that involve explicit consideration for the desires and feelings of others without direct adult coaching. But despite the coercive nature of resource acquisition strategies of this age group, dominant toddlers and preschoolers appear to be socially central: They are looked at more than subordinant children (Abramovitch, 1976;Hawley & Little, in press;Hold-Cavell, 1985;Hold-Cavell & Borsutzky, 1986;LaFreniere & Charlesworth, 1983;Strayer & Trudel, 1984;Vaughn & Waters, 1981), are more attractive social partners (Hold-Cavell & Borsutzky, 1986;LaFreniere & Charlesworth, 1983;Strayer & Trudel, 1984), and are preferred models of peer imitation (Abramovitch & Grusec, 1978;Hawley & Little, in press;Mischel & Grusec, 1966;Pettit et al, 1990;Russon & Waite, 1991).…”

Aggression, friendship, and reconciliation in Russian primary schoolchildren

“…Children's aggressive behavior has been addressed by numerous specialists [Dawe, 1934;Appel, 1942;Attili, 1985;Attili and Boggi, 1985;Hold-Cavell, 1985;Strayer and Noel, 1986;Smith, 1989;Smith and Boulton, 1990;Dodge et al, 1990aDodge et al, , 1990b. Relationships between aggression and gender, social status, rough-and-tumble play, rela-tionship quality (friendship), etc., have been established [Blurton Jones, 1972;McGrew, 1972;Hold-Cavell, 1985;Humphreys and Smith, 1987;Bjorkqvist et al, 1992;Campbell et al, 1992], and the general effect of social environment on aggressive behavior has been demonstrated [Smith and Connolly, 1980]. Only a few writers, however, have examined postconflict interactions between former opponents and the reaction of other group members to conflicts [McGrew, 1972;Strayer and Strayer, 1976;Sackin and Thelen, 1984;Grammer, 1992].…”