Shoulder function and scapular position in boxers

Lenetsky, Seth; Brughelli, Matt; Harris, Nigel

doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2015.02.003

Cited by 10 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Biomechanics and kinematics analysis of the fist is characterized by the combination of the ankle, thigh, trunk, and the forearm ( Stojsih et al, 2010 ), with similar kinetic chain as that of the throwing arm of baseball athletes ( Fleisig et al, 1996 ). Few researchers have assessed the isometric and isokinetic muscle strength of boxers’ legs, trunks, shoulders, and elbows ( Lenetsky et al, 2015 ). In their studies, they observed correlation between flexibility of the trunk and strength of the punches, asymmetry on the strength of the legs, symptoms that increase the risk of injury of the upper limb.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isokinetic Characteristics of Amateur Boxer Athletes

Tasiopoulos

Nikolaidis²,

Tripolitsioti

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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Aim: The kinetic chain of the punch of boxers is characterized by the contribution of the shoulder; however, the isokinetic muscle strength of shoulder’s rotators muscles has not been well studied so far, especially with regards to performance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was (a) to profile the isokinetic muscle strength of rotators of the glenohumeral joint, bilateral (BL), unilateral (UL) and functional ratios in amateur boxers, and (b) to examine the variation of these muscle strength characteristics by performance level.Methods: Forty male amateur Greek boxers from three division levels (elite, n = 22; second division, n = 11; and third division, n = 7), and 10 non-athletes (control group) were tested, using the isokinetic dynamometer Kin-ComTM in the scapular seated position under standard conditions. We examined (i) peak torque (PT) of internal (IR) and external (ER) rotators during concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) contractions at low (60°/s), medium (120°/s), and high speed (180°/s), (ii) BL, (iii) UL, and (iv) functional ratios of dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) limbs.Results: Boxers were stronger than control group in IR and ER at all speeds, and D outscored ND limb (p < 0.05). Elite boxers were stronger than group B and C (p < 0.05); however, when peak torque was expressed in relative to body mass values, these differences were attenuated. The BL ratios for the men athletes were under 10% at 60 and 180°/s, the UL ratios were lower at 60 and higher at 180°/s and significant lower in the dominant limb at all speeds. The functional ratios of IR ECC / ER CON were higher between the control group at all speeds and the ER ECC/IR CON ratios were between 60 and 180°/s, and the two limbs with higher values at 180°/s.Conclusion: Boxers had the strongest dominant limb and their BL ratios were normal at all speeds except of 120°/s ECC. The UL ratios of ECC at 120 and 180°/s of ND were normal, and at the other speeds abnormal due to high IR. In addition, the functional ratios may be related to the kinetic chain of the punch, which in turn correlates with the contribution of ER of both limbs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isokinetic Characteristics of Amateur Boxer Athletes

Tasiopoulos

Nikolaidis²,

Tripolitsioti

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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“…In overhead athletes (e.g., baseball pitchers), the shoulder joint is predisposed to incur altered configurations of the GH joint, ROM deficits, and muscle weakness, resulting in an SD whose grade of injury increases with the level of the competition [151][152][153][154][155][156]. In elite athletes with common internal impingement, researchers have found that treatments focused on intense non-operative approaches provide better outcomes than other treatments and that physical training protocols might be integrated into their usual daily exercises [157][158][159]. Physical training protocol should promote the reinforcement of the scapular muscles and guarantee the optimal length-tension relationship of RC muscles [160].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scapular Dyskinesis: From Basic Science to Ultimate Treatment

Longo

Ambrogioni

Berton

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: This study intends to summarize the causes, clinical examination, and treatments of scapular dyskinesis (SD) and to briefly investigate whether alteration can be managed by a precision rehabilitation protocol planned on the basis of features derived from clinical tests. Methods: We performed a comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL and EMBASE databases using various combinations of the keywords “Rotator cuff”, “Scapula”, “Scapular Dyskinesis”, “Shoulder”, “Biomechanics” and “Arthroscopy”. Results: SD incidence is growing in patients with shoulder pathologies, even if it is not a specific injury or directly related to a particular injury. SD can be caused by multiple factors or can be the trigger of shoulder-degenerative pathologies. In both cases, SD results in a protracted scapula with the arm at rest or in motion. Conclusions: A clinical evaluation of altered shoulder kinematics is still complicated. Limitations in observing scapular motion are mainly related to the anatomical position and function of the scapula itself and the absence of a tool for quantitative SD clinical assessment. High-quality clinical trials are needed to establish whether there is a possible correlation between SD patterns and the specific findings of shoulder pathologies with altered scapular kinematics.

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“…Due to the nature of boxing, there is a structural imbalance in the shoulders depending on the position of the scapula. Previous studies have shown that the pre-punch phase of boxers have similarities to baseball pitching [35], and abnormal scapular positions and problems with shortening of the posterior and anterior joint capsule the shoulder joint in boxers may cause limited upper limb function and injury [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shoulders are particularly important for boxers because of their movement characteristics, and when shoulder injuries appear, problems with training or performance can be fatal. In fact, it was suggested that the cause of shoulder injuries was more likely to be caused by wrong movement than hitting [11]. Recently, studies on the necessity of intervention are increasing through injury and physical characteristics of various athletes.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of shoulder pain, muscle tone and isokinetic muscle function according to the scapular position of elite boxers

Lee

Kim

Shin

2020

PTRS

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Objective: The shoulders are a particularly an important body part for elite boxers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the upper trapezius (UT), infraspinatus (IS) muscle tone, pain, and isokinetic muscle function of shoulder movements such as external rotation, internal rotation, protraction, and retraction according to the scapular position of elite boxers of the Korean national team. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Using the double square method, the scapular position was measured and divided into the forward scapular position group (n=8) with a measurement distance of 135 mm or more, and the normal scapular position group (n=10) with a measurement distance of less than 135 mm. Through the numeric rating scale of the subject, the pain value displayed during movement was measured. The muscle tone of the subjects' UT and IS were measured. The isokinetic muscle function of ER, IR, protraction, and retraction were measured using isokinetic exercise equipment. Results: The results of this study showed statistically significant differences when comparing muscle tone of the UT and IS, shoulder pain, isokinetic function of ER and IR, protraction, and retraction according to scapular position (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study were that shoulder muscle tone, pain, and isokinetic muscle function were affected according to the scapular position of elite boxers. In the future, this information may be a useful indicator when studying the effects of medium and long-term intervention in elite boxers who possess these characteristics.

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Shoulder function and scapular position in boxers

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Isokinetic Characteristics of Amateur Boxer Athletes

Isokinetic Characteristics of Amateur Boxer Athletes

Scapular Dyskinesis: From Basic Science to Ultimate Treatment

Characteristics of shoulder pain, muscle tone and isokinetic muscle function according to the scapular position of elite boxers

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