Should we expect neurological symptoms in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic?

Matías‐Guiu, Jordi A.; Gómez‐Pinedo, Ulises; Montero‐Escribano, Paloma; Gómez‐Iglesias, Patricia; Porta‐Etessam, J.

doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.03.002

Cited by 78 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 70 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Another report showed that MHV-A59 replicated in the lung and induced acute pneumonia and severe lung injuries in both young and old C57BL/6 mice, which closely mimicked ARDS by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in human lungs [151]. Also, since SARS-CoV-2 infection may produce neurological features including central nervous system (CNS) injuries [152,153] MHV-A59 and MHV-JHM may be used as models to decipher the mechanisms of virus entry into the CNS and the resulting immune response.…”

Section: Mhv As a Model For Sars-cov And Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 98%

Of Mice and Men: The Coronavirus MHV and Mouse Models as a Translational Approach to Understand SARS-CoV-2

Körner

Majjouti

Alcázar

et al. 2020

Viruses

134

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The fatal acute respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, infection and mortality rates have been rising steadily worldwide. The lack of a vaccine, as well as preventive and therapeutic strategies, emphasize the need to develop new strategies to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis. Since mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2 share a common genus, lessons learnt from MHV and SARS-CoV could offer mechanistic insights into SARS-CoV-2. This review provides a comprehensive review of MHV in mice and SARS-CoV-2 in humans, thereby highlighting further translational avenues in the development of innovative strategies in controlling the detrimental course of SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, we have focused on various aspects, including host species, organotropism, transmission, clinical disease, pathogenesis, control and therapy, MHV as a model for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 as well as mouse models for infection with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. While MHV in mice and SARS-CoV-2 in humans share various similarities, there are also differences that need to be addressed when studying murine models. Translational approaches, such as humanized mouse models are pivotal in studying the clinical course and pathology observed in COVID-19 patients. Lessons from prior murine studies on coronavirus, coupled with novel murine models could offer new promising avenues for treatment of COVID-19.

show abstract

Section: Mhv As a Model For Sars-cov And Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 98%

Of Mice and Men: The Coronavirus MHV and Mouse Models as a Translational Approach to Understand SARS-CoV-2

Körner

Majjouti

Alcázar

et al. 2020

Viruses

134

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Human coronaviruses that infect the CNS can create a chronic infection and progressive demyelination of the brain, similar to multiple sclerosis [2]. The combination of demyelinating lesions and traces of coronavirus in brain tissue from autopsies and in CSF could explain part of the neuronal compromise of SARS-CoV-2 [89].…”

Section: Demyelinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19: A systematic review of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, neuropathology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cerebrospinal fluid findings

Guerrero

Barragán

Martinez

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: SARS-CoV-2 can affect the human brain and other neurological structures. An increasing number of publications report neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19. However, no studies have comprehensively reviewed the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the central and peripheral nervous system's involvement in these patients. This study aimed to describe the features of the central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19 in terms of pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, neuropathology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cerebrospinal fluid findings.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of all the original studies reporting patients with neurological involvement by COVID-19, from December 2019 to June 2020, without language restriction. We excluded studies with animal subjects, studies not related to the nervous system, and opinion articles. Data analysis combined descriptive measures, frequency measures, central tendency measures, and dispersion measures for all studies reporting neurological conditions and abnormal ancillary tests in patients with confirmed COVID-19.Results: A total of 143 observational and descriptive studies reported central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19 in 10723 patients. Fifty-one studies described pathophysiologic mechanisms of neurological involvement by COVID-19, 119 focused on clinical manifestations, 4 described neuropathology findings, 62 described neuroimaging findings, 28 electrophysiology findings, and 60 studies reported cerebrospinal fluid results. The reviewed studies reflect a significant prevalence of the nervous system's involvement in patients with COVID-19, ranging from 22.5% to 36.4% among different studies, without mortality rates explicitly associated with neurological involvement by SARS-COV-2. We thoroughly describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of neurological involvement in these patients. Conclusions: Our evidence synthesis led to a categorical analysis of the central and peripheral involvement by COVID-19 and provided a comprehensive explanation of the reported pathophysiological mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause neurological impairment. International collaborative efforts and exhaustive neurological registries will enhance the translational knowledge of COVID-19's CNS and PNS involvement and generate strategies for therapeutic decision-making.Registration: This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020193140), July 24, 2020.

show abstract

“…39,40 Zoonotic Bat-Borne Coronavirus: SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are 2 newly discovered b -coronaviruses and have much more aggressive behavior than the 4 endemic a-coronaviruses and discovered b -coronaviruses, which are known causes of the common cold. 41 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) emerged in 2002 in Guangdong province, China, most probably spread via civet cats as intermediate hosts. Human-to-human transmission and global travel rapidly caused the outbreak to spread to a total of 33 nations.…”

Section: Emerging Zoonotic Diseases and The Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, there may be direct injury to nervous tissue, entering via hematogenous or neuronal invasion and causing damage to the brain and meninges (eg, herpes virus and Streptococcus). 41 The causative bacterium or virus is usually isolated from the CSF, as has been described in HeV and NiV outbreaks; however, in many case reports for SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and the Ebola virus, the causative viruses were not successfully isolated. 45,47 Second, an immune-mediated response may be responsible for some MR imaging findings, including an early excessive innate immune response such as "cytokine storm" (eg, acute necrotizing encephalopathy similar to cases described in H1N1) 67 and a late immune response, typically taking place some days or weeks after an acute infection (eg, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome in the peripheral nervous system).…”

Section: Observations and Lessons Learned From Past Zoonotic Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging in Zoonotic Outbreaks Affecting the Central Nervous System: Are We Fighting the Last War?

Goh

Tan²,

Ang

et al. 2020

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When preparing for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and its effects on the CNS, radiologists should be familiar with neuroimaging appearances in past zoonotic infectious disease outbreaks. Organisms that have crossed the species barrier from animals to humans include viruses such as Hendra, Nipah, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, and influenza, as well as bacteria and others. Brain CT and MR imaging findings have included cortical abnormalities, microinfarction in the white matter, largevessel occlusion, and features of meningitis. In particular, the high sensitivity of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in detecting intracranial abnormalities has been helpful in outbreaks. Although the coronaviruses causing the previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome outbreak and the current coronavirus disease 19 pandemic are related, it is important to be aware of their similarities as well as potential differences. This review describes the neuroimaging appearances of selected zoonotic outbreaks so that neuroradiologists can better understand the current pandemic and potential future outbreaks.

show abstract

Should we expect neurological symptoms in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic?

Cited by 78 publications

References 70 publications

Of Mice and Men: The Coronavirus MHV and Mouse Models as a Translational Approach to Understand SARS-CoV-2

Of Mice and Men: The Coronavirus MHV and Mouse Models as a Translational Approach to Understand SARS-CoV-2

Central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19: A systematic review of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, neuropathology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cerebrospinal fluid findings

Neuroimaging in Zoonotic Outbreaks Affecting the Central Nervous System: Are We Fighting the Last War?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About