Short-term Effects of Ambient Oxidant Exposure on Mortality: A Combined Analysis within the APHEA Project

Touloumi, Giota; Katsouyanni, Klea; Zmirou, Denis; Schwartz, Joel; Spix, Claudia; León, Antônio Ponce de; Tobías, Aurelio; Quennel, P.; Rabczenko, Daniel; Bachárová, Ljuba; Bisanti, Luigi; Vonk, Judith M.; Pönkä, Antti

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009249

Cited by 215 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…6 RRs for ozone and NO 2 for total mortality in a number of western European cities were higher in the warm season, although the difference was not statistically significant. 7 For CVD and respiratory mortality in the APHEA study, there was a non-significant tendency toward higher RRs in the warm season, especially for SO 2 . 23 In the present study, the differences for cause-specific mortality were more pronounced.…”

Section: Summer-winter Differencementioning

confidence: 78%

“…Studies from the United States have reported that daily mortality is especially associated with PM air pollution. 2 Studies from Europe have found associations with gaseous pollutants such as SO 2 6 and NO 2 and O 3 , 7 as well. Relative risks (RR) for PM 10 in the Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach (APHEA) study 6 were generally smaller than those reported for the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Daily Mortality and Air Pollution in the Netherlands

Hoek

Verhoeff

Fischer

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

117

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We studied the association of daily mortality with shortterm variations in the ambient concentrations of major gaseous pollutants and PM in the Netherlands. The magnitude of the association in the four major urban areas was compared with that in the remainder of the country. Daily cause-specific mortality counts, air quality, temperature, relative humidity, and influenza data were obtained from 1986 to 1994. The relationship between daily mortality and air pollution was modeled using Poisson regression analysis. We adjusted for potential confounding due to long-term and seasonal trends, influenza epidemics, ambient temperature and relative humidity, day of the week, and holidays, using generalized additive models.Influenza episodes were associated with increased mortality up to 3 weeks later. Daily mortality was significantly associated with the concentration of all air pollutants. An increase in the PM 10 concentration by 100 µg/m 3 was associated with a relative risk (RR) of 1.02 for total mortality. The largest RRs were found for pneumonia deaths. Ozone had the most consistent, independent IMPLICATIONS Daily mortality in the Netherlands was associated with particulate and gaseous air pollutants. The results suggested that the (secondary and/or primary) fine fraction of PM 10 was more important than the coarse fraction. Together with the consistent observation of associations in Europe of mortality with the gaseous pollutants O 3 , SO 2 , and to some extent NO 2 , this suggests that air pollution abatement policies should not focus exclusively on lowering PM 10 concentrations. A policy that abates emissions of all these pollutants is most promising in actually lowering health risks of ambient air pollution. association with mortality. Particulate air pollution (e.g., PM 10 , black smoke [BS]) was not more consistently associated with mortality than were the gaseous pollutants SO 2 and NO 2 . Aerosol SO 4 -2 , NO 3 -, and BS were more consistently associated with total mortality than was PM 10 . The RRs for all pollutants were substantially larger in the summer months than in the winter months. The RR of total mortality for PM 10 was 1.10 for the summer and 1.03 for the winter. There was no consistent difference between RRs in the four major urban areas and the more rural areas.

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Section: Summer-winter Differencementioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily Mortality and Air Pollution in the Netherlands

Hoek

Verhoeff

Fischer

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

117

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“…In practice however the σ 2 i are not known and the statistic ). This test is frequently used to determine whether the fixed or random effects model should be adopted (for example Touloumi et al 1997;Danesh et al 1998). It has been suggested, however, that the power of this test can be low (Thompson and Pocock 1991;Hardy and Thompson 1998).…”

Section: The Random Effects Methods and Testing For Homogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of the published effects of HGP use on beef palatability in steers as measured by objective and sensory testing

Watson¹

2008

Aust. J. Exp. Agric.

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Abstract. Evidence is presented that suggests strongly that hormone growth promotant (HGP) implantation has a negative effect on beef palatability. This is based on a meta-analysis of results reported in refereed papers that have appeared in the meat-science literature. To be included in this analysis, a paper must have reported results for control samples (no HGP) and treatment samples (HGP) for either objective testing (Warner-Bratzler shear-force) or consumer preference (tenderness score). The paper must also have reported estimates and standard errors. Further, we consider only the case of steers, and the M. longissimus dorsi (striploin). While most of these studies yielded non-significant differences, most gave an estimate indicating that the HGP treatment had a negative effect on beef palatability. When these results are combined using a meta-analysis, they provide significant evidence that the use of HGP implants negatively influences palatability.

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“…any epidemiological studies have documented adverse short-term effects of different types of air pollution on health outcomes in recent years [1][2][3][4][5]. The pollution indicators used were mainly ambient particles [4,6,7], but gaseous pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), ozone (O 3 ) and carbon monoxide (CO), have also been shown to have adverse effects on mortality and morbidity [3,[8][9][10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term effects of nitrogen dioxide on mortality: an analysis within the APHEA project

Samoli¹

2006

European Respiratory Journal

280

161

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The short-term effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) on total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in 30 European cities participating in the Air Pollution on Health: a European Approach (APHEA)-2 project were investigated.The association was examined using hierarchical models implemented in two stages. In the first stage, data from each city were analysed separately, whereas in the second stage, the cityspecific air pollution estimates were regressed on city-specific covariates to obtain overall estimates and to explore sources of possible heterogeneity.A significant association of NO 2 with total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality was found, with stronger effects on cause-specific mortality. There was evidence of confounding in respiratory mortality with black smoke and sulphur dioxide. The effect of NO 2 on total and cardiovascular mortality was observed mainly in western and southern European cities, and was larger when smoking prevalence was lower and household gas consumption was higher. The effect of NO 2 on respiratory mortality was higher in cities with a larger proportion of elderly persons in the population and higher levels of particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 mm.The results of this large study are consistent with an independent effect of nitrogen dioxide on mortality, but the role of nitrogen dioxide as a surrogate of other unmeasured pollutants cannot be completely ruled out.

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Short-term Effects of Ambient Oxidant Exposure on Mortality: A Combined Analysis within the APHEA Project

Cited by 215 publications

References 45 publications

Daily Mortality and Air Pollution in the Netherlands

Daily Mortality and Air Pollution in the Netherlands

Meta-analysis of the published effects of HGP use on beef palatability in steers as measured by objective and sensory testing

Short-term effects of nitrogen dioxide on mortality: an analysis within the APHEA project

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