Short- and Long-Term Study of the Impact of Focal Blue Light-Emitting Diode-Induced Phototoxicity in Adult Albino Rats

Imperial-Ollero, Juan Antonio Miralles de; Gallego‐Ortega, Alejandro; Norte-Muñoz, María; Pierdomenico, Johnny Di; Bernal-Garro, José Manuel; Valiente‐Soriano, Francisco J.; Vidal‐Sanz, Manuel

doi:10.3390/ijms22189742

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Albino rats exposed to low-intensity light for 10 days showed transient changes in b-wave amplitudes, a-wave sensitivity, and CFF values. These changes were markedly different from the results obtained previously, detailing the permanent loss of the rodand cone-driven ERG flicker signal in aging RCS rats [18] and more severe forms of light damage in albino animals [17,19,20]. We found a uniform reduction in the ONL from the superior to the inferior retina, whereas others have noted focal damage under their conditions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

ERG and Behavioral CFF in Light-Damaged Albino Rats

Rubin

Wen

Loop

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The full-field ERG is useful for index rod- or cone-mediated retinal function in rodent models of retinal degeneration. However, the relationship between the ERG response amplitudes and visually guided behavior, such as flicker detection, is not well understood. A comparison of ERG to behavioral responses in a light-damage model of retinal degeneration allows us to better understand the functional implications of electrophysiological changes. Flicker-ERG and behavioral responses to flicker were used to determine critical flicker frequency (CFF) under scotopic and photopic conditions before and up to 90 d after a 10-day period of low-intensity light damage. Dark- and light-adapted ERG flash responses were significantly reduced after light damage. The a-wave was permanently reduced, while the b-wave amplitude recovered over three weeks after light damage. There was a small, but significant dip in scotopic ERG CFF. Photopic behavioral CFF was slightly lower following light damage. The recovery of the b-wave amplitude and flicker sensitivity demonstrates the plasticity of retinal circuits following photopic injury.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

ERG and Behavioral CFF in Light-Damaged Albino Rats

Rubin

Wen

Loop

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…The goal of this experiment was to characterize the etiology of decreased cone-driven vision in the light damage model of retinal degenerations. Because most retinal degenerations are typically categorized as “rod” diseases, fewer efforts have been directed toward the effects of light damage on the cone photoreceptors in chronic light exposure models, although recent studies have looked at focal, blue light and LED damage to cones [ 15 , 26 ]. By analyzing and comparing visual functional changes (via ERG), in vivo histology (via OCT), and in vitro histology (via immunohistochemistry), our study provides an investigation of cone density changes as well as rod loss resulting from low-level, long-duration light damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cone Photoreceptor Loss in Light-Damaged Albino Rats

Benthal

McKeown

Kraft

2022

IJMS

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We investigated the etiology of decreased cone-driven vision in a light damage (LD) model of retinal degeneration. To induce slow, moderate degeneration, albino rats underwent low-intensity light exposure for 10 days. Electroretinography was utilized to assess physiologic function of the rod- and cone-driven retinal function in LD and control rats. Immunohistochemistry targeting cone arrestin allowed for quantification of cone density and for comparison of the decline in function. Photoreceptor loss was quantified by outer nuclear layer thickness decreases, as observed by optical coherence tomography and histology. The LD rats showed decreased rod- and cone-driven function with partial recovery 30 days after cessation of light exposure. In addition, LD rats showed decreased cone photoreceptor densities in the central retinal region compared to control rats. Our results demonstrate that the loss of cone-driven visual function induced by light damage is at least partially due to the death of cone photoreceptors.

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“…Studies have shown [14] that IL-6 and TNF-α are expressed in the ocular surface tissues of rats with exorbital lacrimal gland-excision, indicating the IL-6 and TNF-α play an important role in the pathogenesis of the dry eye. It's widely known that the most harmful component of visible light is the blue wavelength (400-500 nm) that can potentially harm eye tissues [15][16] , especially the retina [17] , which can cause inflammation, angiogenesis and so on [18] . Vicente-Tejedor et al [19] removed the blue component of light and found it significantly decreased retinal damage after high intensity exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of light-emitting diodes with different color rendering indexes on the ocular tissues of rat

Chen¹,

Lin²,

Qiu³

et al. 2022

Int J Ophthalmol

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AIM: To compare the damage of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with different color rendering indexes (CRIs) to the ocular surface and retina of rats. METHODS: Totally 20 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: the first group was normal control group without any intervention, other three groups were exposed by LEDs with low (LED-L), medium (LED-M), and high (LED-H) CRI respectively for 12h a day, continuously for 4wk. The changes in tear secretion (Schirmer I test, SIt), tear film break-up time (BUT), and corneal fluorescein sodium staining (CFS) scores were compared at different times (1d before experiment, 2 and 4wk after the experiment). The histopathological changes of rat lacrimal gland and retina were observed at 4wk, and the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lacrimal gland were detected by immunofluorescence method. RESULTS: With the increase of light exposed time, the CFS value of each light exposed group continued to increase, and the BUT and SIt scores continued to decrease, which were different from the control group, and the differences between the light exposed groups were statistically significant. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) results showed that the lacrimal glands of each exposed group were seen varying degrees of acinar atrophy, vacuole distribution, increasing of eosinophil granules, etc.; the retina showed obvious reduction of photoreceptor cell layer and changes in retinal thickness; LED-L group has the most significant change in all tests. Immunofluorescence suggested that the positive expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 in the lacrimal glands of each exposed group were higher than those of the control group. CONCLUSION: LED exposure for 4wk can cause the pathological changes of lacrimal gland and retina of rats, and increase the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in lacrimal gland, the degree of damage is negatively correlated with the CRI.

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Short- and Long-Term Study of the Impact of Focal Blue Light-Emitting Diode-Induced Phototoxicity in Adult Albino Rats

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

ERG and Behavioral CFF in Light-Damaged Albino Rats

ERG and Behavioral CFF in Light-Damaged Albino Rats

Cone Photoreceptor Loss in Light-Damaged Albino Rats

Effect of light-emitting diodes with different color rendering indexes on the ocular tissues of rat

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