Short- and long-term gas hazard: the release of toxic gases in the Alban Hills volcanic area (central Italy)

Annunziatellis, A.; Ciotoli, Giancarlo; Lombardi, S.; Nolasco, F

doi:10.1016/s0375-6742(02)00272-8

Cited by 53 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…From these results it is possible to hypothesize that viruses can be less tolerant than prokaryotes to the carbon dioxide chemistry and this can have consequences on the biota equilibrium in the areas affected by increased levels of CO 2 (Manini et al, 2008). Another example of toxic emanation study was performed in the Albani Hills area (a volcano located about 20 km southeast of Rome and extending over an area of about 1500 km) where strong areally diffuse and localised spot degassing processes occur (Annunziatellis et al, 2003). The main structural features which cause the high degassing phenomena are buried highs in the carbonate basement which act as gas traps.…”

Section: Toxic Emanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gas geochemistry has been proven to be a reliable and simple technique to apply, at different scales, to many geological scenarios (Annunziatellis et al, 2003;Lewicki et al, 2003;Baubron et al, 2002;De Gregorio et al, 2002;Ciotoli et al, 1998;Ciotoli et al, 1999;Lombardi et al, 1996;Hickman et al, 1995;Duddridge et al, 1991;Durrance and Gregory, 1988;Eremeev et al, 1973). The importance of fluid geochemistry is rooted in the fact that the Earth is an open system and that fluid-releasing crustal phenomena are the major means for the exchange of matter and energy at different depths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil-Gas Geochemistry: Significance and Application in Geological Prospectings

Voltattorni¹,

Lombardi²

2010

Natural Gas

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Section: Toxic Emanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil-Gas Geochemistry: Significance and Application in Geological Prospectings

Voltattorni¹,

Lombardi²

2010

Natural Gas

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“…High concentrations of carbon dioxide in soil gas are often related to high heat flux in an active volcanic area or the other areas cracked by deep faults (Ciotoli et al, 2007). CO 2 discharges may serve as identifying fault activity and earthquake hazard (Irwin and Barnes, 1980;Annunziatellis et al, 2003). In the Yanhuai basin, the carbon dioxide concentrations range from 331.5×10 −6 to 572.6×10 −6 with a mean value of 395.9×10 −6 .…”

Section: Carbon Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical characteristics of soil gas in the Yanhuai basin, northern China

Liu

Wang³

et al. 2009

Earthq Sci

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The geochemical backgrounds and origins of soil gases in the Yanhuai basin are discussed based on the regional seismogeological data and concentrations of Rn, Hg, CO 2 , H 2 , He and CH 4 in soil gas measured at 422 investigating sites in field during September to October 2007. The geochemical background values of Rn, Hg, CO 2 , H 2 , He and CH 4 are (8105.8±5937.4) Bq/m 3 , (9.7±5.8) ng/m 3 , (395.9±35.3)×10 −6 , (4.0±2.3)×10 −6 , (15.9±10.4)×10 −6 and (12.7±8.1)×10 −6 , respectively. The geochemical backgrounds of the soil gases are higher in the eastern part of the Yanhuai basin. The main factors affecting the gasgeochemical backgrounds are gaseous origins, structure of the crust, faults, stratum and microbe activity.The higher values of gasgeochemical backgrounds in the eastern part are attributed to the existence of low-velocity zones in the upper crust, stronger tectonic activity and more contributions of Hg and He derived from the deep-earth and Rn originated from granite, corresponding to stronger seismic activity. The results can be applied to identifying seismic precursor from monitoring data of gases in the studied area.

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“…Ciampino is a city located 30 km southeast of Rome within the Albani Hills volcanic complex. CO 2 of magmatic and crustal origin is emitted at the surface in the form of diffuse soil, spring, and vent degassing at various locations throughout the Albani Hills and within the city of Ciampino [Annunziatellis et al, 2003;Beaubien et al, 2003] (Figure 2.15). Gas is hypothesized to leak up along major faults from deep pressurized reservoirs hosted by structural highs in carbonate basement rocks .…”

Section: Albani Hills Italymentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and industrial analogues for release of CO2 from storagereservoirs: Identification of features, events, and processes and lessonslearned

Lewicki¹,

Birkhölzer²,

Tsang³

2006

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. We thank J. Apps and A. Cortis for constructive review of this report. 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe injection and storage of anthropogenic CO 2 in deep geologic formations is a potentially feasible strategy to reduce CO 2 emissions and atmospheric concentrations. While the purpose of geologic carbon storage is to trap CO 2 underground, CO 2 could migrate away from the storage site into the shallow subsurface and atmosphere if permeable pathways such as well bores or faults are present. Large-magnitude releases of CO 2 have occurred naturally from geologic reservoirs in numerous volcanic, geothermal, and sedimentary basin settings. Carbon dioxide and natural gas have also been released from geologic CO 2 reservoirs and natural gas storage facilities, respectively, due to influences such as well defects and injection/withdrawal processes. These systems serve as natural and industrial analogues for the potential release of CO 2 from geologic storage reservoirs and provide important information about the key features, events, and processes (FEPs) that are associated with releases, as well as the health, safety, and environmental consequences of releases and mitigation efforts that can be applied.We describe a range of natural releases of CO 2 and industrial releases of CO 2 and natural gas in the context of these characteristics. Based on this analysis, several key conclusions can be drawn, and lessons can be learned for geologic carbon storage. First, CO 2 can both accumulate beneath, and be released from, primary and secondary reservoirs with capping units located at a wide range of depths. Both primary and secondary reservoir entrapments for CO 2 should therefore be well characterized at storage sites. Second, many natural releases of CO 2 have been correlated with a specific event that triggered the release, such as magmatic fluid intrusion or seismic activity. The potential for processes that could cause geomechanical damage to sealing cap rocks and trigger the release of CO 2 from a storage reservoir should be evaluated. Third, unsealed fault and fracture zones may act as fast and direct conduits for CO 2 flow from depth to the surface. Risk assessment should therefore emphasize determining the potential for and nature of CO 2 migration along these structures. Fourth, wells that are structurally unsound have the potential to rapidly release large quantities of CO 2 to the atmosphere. Risk assessment should therefore be focused on the potential for both active and abandoned wells at storage sites to transport CO 2 to the surface, particularly at sites with depleted oil or gas reservoirs where wells are abundant. Fifth, the style of CO 2 release at the surface varies widely between and within different leakage sites. In rare circumstances, the release of CO 2 can be a self-enhancing and/or eruptive process; this possibility should be assessed in the case of CO 2 leakage from storage reservoirs. Sixth, the hazard to human health has been small in most cases of large surface releases of CO 2 . This could be due to imp...

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Short- and long-term gas hazard: the release of toxic gases in the Alban Hills volcanic area (central Italy)

Cited by 53 publications

References 22 publications

Soil-Gas Geochemistry: Significance and Application in Geological Prospectings

Soil-Gas Geochemistry: Significance and Application in Geological Prospectings

Geochemical characteristics of soil gas in the Yanhuai basin, northern China

Natural and industrial analogues for release of CO2 from storagereservoirs: Identification of features, events, and processes and lessonslearned

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