Shifts in the psychophysical function in rats

Guilhardi, Paulo; MacInnis, Mika L. M.; Church, Russell M.; Machado, Armando

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2007.02.002

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Findings from a number of earlier studies using variants of a temporal bisection task with pigeons and rats confirmed this prediction (Bizo & White, 1994Guilhardi MacInnis, Church, & Machado, 2007). Specifically, in these studies animals switched from the richer option (that predicted a reward earlier in the trial) to the poorer option (that predicted a reward later in the trial) later in the trial when options predicted a reward according to different variable-interval schedules.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Optimal time discrimination

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et al. 2015

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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In the temporal bisection task, participants categorize experienced stimulus durations as short or long based on their similarity to previously acquired reference durations. Reward maximization in this task requires integrating endogenous timing uncertainty as well as exogenous probabilities of the reference durations into temporal judgements. We tested human participants on the temporal bisection task with different short and long reference duration probabilities (exogenous probability) in two separate test sessions. Incorrect categorizations were not penalized in Experiment 1 but were penalized in Experiment 2, leading to different levels of stringency in the reward functions that participants tried to maximize. We evaluated the judgements within the framework of optimality. Our participants adapted their choice behaviour in a nearly optimal fashion and earned nearly the maximum possible expected gain they could attain given their level of endogenous timing uncertainty and exogenous probabilities in both experiments. These results point to the optimality of human temporal risk assessment in the temporal bisection task. The long categorization response times (RTs) were overall faster than short categorization RTs, and short but not long categorization RTs were modulated by reference duration probability manipulations. These observations suggested an asymmetry between short and long categorizations in the temporal bisection task.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Optimal time discrimination

Çoşkun

Sayalı

Gürbüz

et al. 2015

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…They found that, as LeT predicted, the psychometric functions shifted when the reinforcement rates differed around the reversal point, but not when they differed far from the reversal point. These findings, later replicated with rats by Guilhardi, McInnis, Church, and Machado (), are consistent with the model's key idea that both the times of reinforcement and reinforcement rate at those times influence performance.…”

supporting

confidence: 70%

The effect of reinforcement probability on time discrimination in the midsession reversal task

Santos

Soares

Vasconcelos

et al. 2019

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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We examined how biasing time perception affects choice in a midsession reversal task. Given a simultaneous discrimination between stimuli S1 and S2, with choices of S1 reinforced during the first, but not the second half of the trials, and choices of S2 reinforced during the second, but not the first half of the trials, pigeons show anticipation errors (premature choices of S2) and perseveration errors (belated choices of S1). This suggests that choice depends on timing processes, on predicting when the contingency reverses based on session duration. We exposed 7 pigeons to a midsession reversal task and manipulated the reinforcement rate on each half of the session. Compared to equal reinforcement rates on both halves of the session, when the reinforcement rate on the first half was lower than on the second half, performance showed more anticipation and less perseveration errors, and when the reinforcement rate on the first half was higher than on the second half, performance showed a remarkable reduction of both types of errors. These results suggest that choice depends on both time into the session and the outcome of previous trials. They also challenge current models of timing to integrate local effects.

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“…When key 1 was reinforced at a higher rate than key 2, the pigeons switched to key 2 later in the interval than when the two keys provided the same reinforcement rate. Conversely, when key 1 was reinforced at a lower rate than key 2, the pigeons switched to key 2 earlier in the interval than when the two keys provided the same reinforcement rate (see also Guilhardi, MacInnis, Church, & Machado, 2007; Machado & Guilhardi, 2000; Stubbs, 1980). The bias effect observed by Bizo and White in the FOPP are very similar to the ones observed in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trial frequency effects in human temporal bisection: Implications for theories of timing

Jozefowiez

Polack

Machado

et al. 2014

Behavioural Processes

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To contrast the classic version of the Scalar Expectancy Theory (SET) with the Behavioral Economic Model (BEM), we examined the effects of trial frequency on human temporal judgments. Mathematical analysis showed that, in a temporal bisection task, SET predicts that participants should show almost exclusive preference for the response associated with the most frequent duration, whereas BEM predicts that, even though participants will be biased, they will still display temporal control. Participants learned to emit one response (R[S]) after a 1.0-s stimulus and another (R[L]) after a 1.5-s stimulus. Then the effects of varying the frequencies of the 1.0-s and 1.5-s stimuli were assessed. Results were more consistent with BEM than with SET. Overall, this research illustrates how the impact of non-temporal factors on temporal discrimination may help us to contrast associative models such as BEM with cognitive models such as SET. Deciding between these two classes of models has important implications regarding the relations between associative learning and timing.

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Shifts in the psychophysical function in rats

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Optimal time discrimination

Optimal time discrimination

The effect of reinforcement probability on time discrimination in the midsession reversal task

Trial frequency effects in human temporal bisection: Implications for theories of timing

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