Shift and adapt: the costs and benefits of karyotype variations

Gerstein, Aleeza C.; Berman, Judith

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.06.010

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Haploid designs cannot be used to measure intralocus interactions in the form of dominance, further, they only capture additive-by-additive epistasis. Moreover, ploidy has a fundamental impact on traits34, both due to its influence on cell size and the masking of recessive alleles in diploids3536. The Phased Outbred Lines (POLs) presented here circumvent the shortcomings of haploid screens by offering decomposition of diploid traits with previously unattainable exhaustiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powerful decomposition of complex traits in a diploid model

et al. 2016

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Explaining trait differences between individuals is a core and challenging aim of life sciences. Here, we introduce a powerful framework for complete decomposition of trait variation into its underlying genetic causes in diploid model organisms. We sequence and systematically pair the recombinant gametes of two intercrossed natural genomes into an array of diploid hybrids with fully assembled and phased genomes, termed Phased Outbred Lines (POLs). We demonstrate the capacity of this approach by partitioning fitness traits of 6,642 Saccharomyces cerevisiae POLs across many environments, achieving near complete trait heritability and precisely estimating additive (73%), dominance (10%), second (7%) and third (1.7%) order epistasis components. We map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and find nonadditive QTLs to outnumber (3:1) additive loci, dominant contributions to heterosis to outnumber overdominant, and extensive pleiotropy. The POL framework offers the most complete decomposition of diploid traits to date and can be adapted to most model organisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powerful decomposition of complex traits in a diploid model

et al. 2016

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“…C. albicans and C. neoformans , two human fungal pathogens, frequently become aneuploid during infection and after antifungal treatments [128,129]. Drug resistance is a very common and serious problem with these pathogens.…”

Section: Aneuploidy In Mitosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Consequences of Chromosome Segregation Errors in Mitosis and Meiosis

Potapova

Gorbsky

2017

Biology

152

116

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Mistakes during cell division frequently generate changes in chromosome content, producing aneuploid or polyploid progeny cells. Polyploid cells may then undergo abnormal division to generate aneuploid cells. Chromosome segregation errors may also involve fragments of whole chromosomes. A major consequence of segregation defects is change in the relative dosage of products from genes located on the missegregated chromosomes. Abnormal expression of transcriptional regulators can also impact genes on the properly segregated chromosomes. The consequences of these perturbations in gene expression depend on the specific chromosomes affected and on the interplay of the aneuploid phenotype with the environment. Most often, these novel chromosome distributions are detrimental to the health and survival of the organism. However, in a changed environment, alterations in gene copy number may generate a more highly adapted phenotype. Chromosome segregation errors also have important implications in human health. They may promote drug resistance in pathogenic microorganisms. In cancer cells, they are a source for genetic and phenotypic variability that may select for populations with increased malignance and resistance to therapy. Lastly, chromosome segregation errors during gamete formation in meiosis are a primary cause of human birth defects and infertility. This review describes the consequences of mitotic and meiotic errors focusing on novel concepts and human health.

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“…Other mechanisms that can also increase genetic variation when condition is poor or during stress include mutagenesis [15,88], loss of heterozygosity [89], genomic rearrangements [90], aneuploidy [91,92], dispersal [14,16], mate choice [93] and even death-resulting in the replacement of an aging individual by a young one, generated through sex and mutation [94].…”

Section: Generalization: Condition-dependent Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condition-dependent sex: who does it, when and why?

Ram¹,

Hadany²

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 15 to a theme issue 'Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction'. We review the phenomenon of condition-dependent sex-where individuals' condition affects the likelihood that they will reproduce sexually rather than asexually. In recent years, condition-dependent sex has been studied both theoretically and empirically. Empirical results in microbes, fungi and plants support the theoretical prediction that negative condition-dependent sex, in which individuals in poor condition are more likely to reproduce sexually, can be evolutionarily advantageous under a wide range of settings. Here, we review the evidence for condition-dependent sex and its potential implications for the long-term survival and adaptability of populations. We conclude by asking why condition-dependent sex is not more commonly observed, and by considering generalizations of condition-dependent sex that might apply even for obligate sexuals.This article is part of the themed issue 'Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction'.

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Shift and adapt: the costs and benefits of karyotype variations

Cited by 40 publications

References 64 publications

Powerful decomposition of complex traits in a diploid model

Powerful decomposition of complex traits in a diploid model

The Consequences of Chromosome Segregation Errors in Mitosis and Meiosis

Condition-dependent sex: who does it, when and why?

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