Sheep and Cattle Reservoirs in the Highest Human Fascioliasis Hyperendemic Area: Experimental Transmission Capacity, Field Epidemiology, and Control Within a One Health Initiative in Bolivia

Mas‐Coma, Santiago; Buchón, Paola; Funatsu, Ilra R.; Angles, René; Artigas, Patricio; Valero, M. Adela; Bargues, M. D.

doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.583204

Cited by 26 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The egg embryogenesis was experimentally studied under conditions of 90% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 12 h light/12 h darkness in climatic chambers (HPS-1500, VB-0714 and HPS-500 models of Heraeus-Vötsch) [ 40 ]. For the follow-up analyses, microscopic observations and counts were made at intervals of every four days under two different temperature patterns: 20 °C/20 °C day/night temperature to allow for comparisons with previous studies made on liver fluke isolates from the two main reservoir species sheep and cattle of the same altiplanic endemic area, obtained following the same procedures [ 36 ]. 22 °C/5 °C 12 h day/12 h night temperature to assess the potential influence of the daily varying temperature in this altiplanic endemic area [ 18 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 °C/20 °C day/night temperature to allow for comparisons with previous studies made on liver fluke isolates from the two main reservoir species sheep and cattle of the same altiplanic endemic area, obtained following the same procedures [ 36 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both transmission capacity and epidemiological role of the pig isolate were assessed by comparing each characteristic studied with those of the F. hepatica sheep and cattle isolates from the same Northern Bolivian Altiplano. The significance of the results from these comparisons can be analyzed because based on data obtained following the same methods and techniques both in the laboratory experiments and in the field work and which have been reported in another study [ 36 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, experimental studies and field surveys are being performed. Sheep, cattle and donkey have already been the focus of such assessments [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The field studies included the assessment of prevalence, intensity, egg measurements and egg shedding rates in nature. The contribution of the pig to fascioliasis in this area is evaluated by comparing with results of similar studies previously performed under identical methods and techniques on the main altiplanic reservoir species: sheep and cattle [ 36 ]. This is the first time that such experimental fascioliasis studies focus on the pig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Domestic pig prioritized in one health action against fascioliasis in human endemic areas: Experimental assessment of transmission capacity and epidemiological evaluation of reservoir role

et al. 2021

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The Northern Bolivian Altiplano is the human fascioliasis hyperendemic area where the highest prevalences and intensities in humans have been reported. Preventive chemotherapy was implemented in the last ten years. Surveillance showed high human infection and re-infection rates in between the annual triclabendazole monodose treatments. A complementary One Health control action was launched to decrease the infection risk. Among the multidisciplinary axes, there is the need to establish animal reservoir species priorities for a more efficient control. Laboratory and field studies were performed for the first time to assess the Fasciola hepatica transmission capacity of the pig and its potential reservoir role. The experimental follow-up of altiplanic pig isolates through altiplanic Galba truncatula snail vector isolates were performed at different miracidial doses and different day/night temperatures. Experiments included egg embryonation, miracidial infectivity, lymnaeid snail infection, intramolluscan larval development, cercarial production, chronobiology of the cercarial shedding, vector survival to infection, metacercarial infectivity of mammal host, and adult stage development. Surveys included the assessment of prevalence, intensity, egg measurements and egg shedding rates in nature. Pig contribution was evaluated by comparing with the main altiplanic reservoirs sheep and cattle. Results demonstrated that the pig assures the whole F. hepatica life cycle and participates in its transmission in this area. The fast egg embryonation, high cercarial production, long multi-wave shedding chronobiological pattern in monomiracidial infections at permanent 20 °C temperature, and the high daily egg outputs per pig are worth mentioning. The high infection risk suggests early infection of freely running piglets and evolutionary long-term adaptation of the liver fluke to this omnivorous mammal, despite its previously evoked resistance or non-suitability. Genetic, physiological and immune similarities with humans may also underlie the parasite adaptation to humans in this area. The pig should be accordingly included for appropriate control measures within a One Health action against human fascioliasis. The pig should henceforth be considered in epidemiological studies and control initiatives not only in fascioliasis endemic areas with human infection risk on other Andean countries, but also in rural areas of Latin America, Africa and Asia where domestic pigs are allowed to run freely.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, experimental studies and field surveys are being performed. Sheep, cattle and donkey have already been the focus of such assessments [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Domestic pig prioritized in one health action against fascioliasis in human endemic areas: Experimental assessment of transmission capacity and epidemiological evaluation of reservoir role

et al. 2021

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Morphological and molecular characterization of Fasciola isolates from livestock in Golestan province, northern Iran

Sharbatkhori

Nasibi

Mohammadi

et al. 2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background: Fascioliasis, caused by the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, is a global zoonotic helminthic disease. The livestock and human are the final hosts of the parasites. Northern Iran is an important endemic region for fascioliasis. Few studies have been conducted on the characterization of Fasciola isolates from eastern regions of the Caspian littoral of the country. Objective:The aim of the present study was to identify F. hepatica, F. gigantica and intermediate/hybrid forms of Fasciola isolates from livestock in Golestan province, northern Iran, using morphometric and molecular tools.Methods: Livestock livers naturally infected with Fasciola spp. were collected from Golestan slaughterhouse during 2019-2020. The worms were morphometrically studied using a calibrated stereomicroscope. Genomic DNA was extracted from all samples, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed on internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region using Rsa1 restriction enzyme. All the isolates were then analysed by multiplex PCR on Pepck region.Results: A total of 110 Fasciola isolates were collected from the infected livers, including 94 sheep, 12 cattle and 4 goats. Morphometric analysis of 61 adult Fasciola isolates indicated that, 44 and 17 isolates belonged to F. hepatica and F. gigantica, respectively.Eighty-one and 29 isolates belonged to F. hepatica and F. gigantica using ITS1-RFLP, respectively. However, Pepck Multiplex PCR indicated 72 F. hepatica, 26 F. gigantica and 12 intermediate/hybrid forms. All 12 hybrid isolates were found in sheep host. Two isolates were identified as F. gigantica using morphometry and F. hepatica using both molecular methods. Conclusion:The present study confirmed the existence of both F. hepatica and F. gigantica species and reported the first molecular evidence of hybrid Fasciola isolates in ruminants of Golestan province.

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Fascioliasis

Mas‐Coma

Bargues

Valero

2022

Helminth Infections and Their Impact on Global Public Health

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Sheep and Cattle Reservoirs in the Highest Human Fascioliasis Hyperendemic Area: Experimental Transmission Capacity, Field Epidemiology, and Control Within a One Health Initiative in Bolivia

Cited by 26 publications

References 76 publications

Domestic pig prioritized in one health action against fascioliasis in human endemic areas: Experimental assessment of transmission capacity and epidemiological evaluation of reservoir role

Domestic pig prioritized in one health action against fascioliasis in human endemic areas: Experimental assessment of transmission capacity and epidemiological evaluation of reservoir role

Morphological and molecular characterization of Fasciola isolates from livestock in Golestan province, northern Iran

Fascioliasis

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