Shape Morphing: Harnessing Photochemical Shrinkage in Direct Laser Writing for Shape Morphing of Polymer Sheets (Adv. Mater. 42/2017)

Bauhofer, Anton; Krödel, Sebastian; Ryś, Jan; Bilal, Osama R.; Constantinescu, Andréï; Daraio, Chiara

doi:10.1002/adma.201770307

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A laser power that is too low could also be problematic since it can induce a large shrinkage from the printed structures and cause delamination of the printed structures from the substrate. [34] Fourth, overhanging structures were utilized to control the electrical connection on the metal layer after the sputtering process, as shown in Figure 2f,h. As aluminum is sputtered over the 3D-printed structures without any subsequent metal patterning steps, the aluminum layer can create undesired short circuits between the 3D-printed structure and FPCBs.…”

Section: Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D‐Printed Electrostatic Microactuators for Flexible Microsystems

Kim

Kubicek

Bergbreiter

2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Developing small‐scale, lightweight, and flexible devices with integrated microactuators is one of the critical challenges in wearable haptic devices, soft robotics, and microrobotics. In this study, a novel fabrication process that leverages the benefits of 3D printing with two‐photon polymerization and flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs) is presented. This method enables flexible microsystems with 3D‐printed electrostatic microactuators, which are demonstrated in a flexible integrated micromirror array and a legged microrobot with a mass of 4 mg. 3D electrostatic actuators on FPCBs are robust enough to actuate the micromirrors while the device is deformed, and they are easily integrated with off‐the‐shelf electronics. The crawling robot is one of the lightest legged microrobots actuated without external fields, and the legs actuated with 3D electrostatic actuators enable a locomotion speed of 0.27 body length per second. The proposed fabrication framework opens up a pathway toward a variety of highly integrated flexible microsystems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D‐Printed Electrostatic Microactuators for Flexible Microsystems

Kim

Kubicek

Bergbreiter

2023

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Although at present these demonstrations are not yet practical for large‐scale data storage, they do provide a metamaterial perspective on information storage and material design. With advances in 3D printing at the submicrometer scale [ 50 ] and using multiple materials, [ 51 ] the miniaturization needed for higher storage capacity may soon be within reach owing to the scale‐independence of the underlying physical mechanisms. The design strategy suggests pathways to creating additional stimulus‐responsive materials that can achieve multifunction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encoding and Storage of Information in Mechanical Metamaterials

et al. 2023

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Information processing using material's own properties has gained increasing interest. Mechanical metamaterials, due to their diversity of deformation modes and wide design space, can be used to realize information processing, such as computing and storage. Here a mechanical metamaterial system is demonstrated for material-based encoding and storage of data through programmed reconfigurations of the metamaterial's structured building blocks. Sequential encoding and decoding are achieved in the three-dimensional (3D) printed pixelated mechanical metamaterial via kirigami-based "pixels" with programmable, temperature-dependent bistability. The mechanical metamaterial is demonstrated via a multistep deformation of encoding messages of texts and surfaces with arrays of binary data, and then decoding them by applying a predetermined stretching and heating regimen to sequentially retrieve layers of stored information and display them on its surface. This approach serves as a general framework to enable the encoding and storage of data with mechanical metamaterials.

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“…[ 1–3 ] The superior performance of thermosets arises from the highly cross‐linked networks formed by the polymerization, during which large residual stresses are inevitably generated due to inhomogeneous chemical and physical shrinkages. [ 4,5 ] Severe residual stress concentration is easily formed in thermosetting composites incorporated with fibers [ 6,7 ] and particles, [ 8,9 ] as well. Microcracks, interface delamination, deformation, and even failure of the thermosets might be induced by the sufficiently large residual stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relief of Residual Stress in Bulk Thermosets in the Glassy State by Local Bond Exchange

Wu,

An,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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The covalently cross‐linked network gives thermosets superior thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties, which, however, squarely makes the large residual stress that is inevitably induced during preparation hardly relieved in the glassy state. In this paper, an incredible reduction in residual stress is successfully achieved in bulk thermosets in the glassy state through introducing highly dynamic thiocarbamate bonds by “click” reactions of thiols and isocyanates. Due to the excellent dynamic behaviors of thiocarbamate bonds, local network rearrangement is achieved through thermal stimulation, while the strong three‐dimension cross‐linked network is well maintained. Ultimately, a decrease by 44% in residual stress was detected by simply annealing samples at 30 °C below glass transition temperature (Tg), during which they could well maintain more than 98.4% of the storage modulus. After the annealing, more uniform residual stress distribution was also observed, showing a 32% decline in sample standard deviation. However, the residual stress of epoxy resin, a typical thermoset as a reference, changed little even after annealing at Tg. The results prove it a feasible strategy to reduce residual stress in bulk thermosets in the glassy state by introducing proper dynamic covalent bonds.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Shape Morphing: Harnessing Photochemical Shrinkage in Direct Laser Writing for Shape Morphing of Polymer Sheets (Adv. Mater. 42/2017)

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

3D‐Printed Electrostatic Microactuators for Flexible Microsystems

3D‐Printed Electrostatic Microactuators for Flexible Microsystems

Encoding and Storage of Information in Mechanical Metamaterials

Relief of Residual Stress in Bulk Thermosets in the Glassy State by Local Bond Exchange

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