Shade and physical support are necessary for conserving the Aristolochia contorta population

Park, Si-Hyun; Nam, Bo Eun; Kim, Jae Geun

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.05.019

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…4). This may be attributed to that more biomass was allocated to aboveground for higher carbon assimilation through photosynthesis under low light intensity conditions (Selzer et al 2013), which has also been observed in other herbaceous species (Martina and von Ende 2012;Park et al 2019). Although biomass allocation was shifted under different light treatments, it was not statistically significant difference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Effects of light and nutrient on flower formation and vegetative growth of Viola collina

2022

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Background: Mixed breeding herb Viola collina Besser, which produces both chasmogamous and cleistogamous flower, has limited habitats under closed canopy and short and early flowering timing, making it relatively more vulnerable to climate change. To better understand the effect of light and nutrient on the flower formation and vegetative growth of V. collina, a mesocosm experiment was conducted. Two-by-two factorial treatments of two light conditions (100% and 60% of natural light) and two fertilizer treatment conditions (fertilized and not fertilized) were applied in the mesocosm experiment. Results:The number of flowers, including chamogamous and cleistogamous flowers, was highest (5.65/pot) under 60% light and fertilized condition and lowest (1.41/pot) under 100% light and not-fertilized condition. However, above ground vegetative growth was highest (2.89 g/pot) under 100% light and fertilized condition and lowest (2.38 g/ pot) under 60% light and not-fertilized condition. Above ground biomass to belowground biomass ratio was highest (1.50) under 60% light and fertilized condition and lowest (1.26) under 100% light and fertilized condition. Conclusions: This study showed that high light and nutrient are responsible for the vegetative growth , though the effect of fertilizer was reduced due to allocation and retainment of nutrients. In addition, the low light is necessary to make flowers, especially chasmogamous flowers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Effects of light and nutrient on flower formation and vegetative growth of Viola collina

2022

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“…Germinated seedlings were transplanted into pots (25 cm in diameter and 25 cm in depth). Mixed soil considering the soil texture of its natural habitat (sand:topsoil = 2:1, v/v) was used for sowing and transplanting ( Park et al., 2019 ). All individuals were grown in an experimental plot in Seoul National University (37°27’49” N, 126°57’19” E) covered with mesh for 50% of relative light intensity, with which A. contorta showed more vigorous growth rather than that with open canopy ( Park et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mixed soil considering the soil texture of its natural habitat (sand:topsoil = 2:1, v/v) was used for sowing and transplanting ( Park et al., 2019 ). All individuals were grown in an experimental plot in Seoul National University (37°27’49” N, 126°57’19” E) covered with mesh for 50% of relative light intensity, with which A. contorta showed more vigorous growth rather than that with open canopy ( Park et al., 2019 ). We regularly fertilized every pot using a proper quantity based on the pot’s volume ( Park et al., 2021 ; Park et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aristolochia contorta is a herbaceous perennial vine distributed near the edge of forests or rivers in East Asia ( Nakonechnaya et al., 2012 ). It has been observed that its sexual reproduction only occurs in 3-year-old or older plants ( Park et al., 2019 ). Aristolochia contorta can synthesize specific toxic secondary metabolites including aristolochic acids ( Cheung et al., 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-dependent resistance of a perennial herb, Aristolochia contorta against specialist and generalist leaf-chewing herbivores

et al. 2023

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Plants need to balance investments in growth and defense throughout their life to increase their fitness. To optimize fitness, levels of defense against herbivores in perennial plants may vary according to plant age and season. However, secondary plant metabolites often have a detrimental effect on generalist herbivores, while many specialists have developed resistance to them. Therefore, varying levels of defensive secondary metabolites depending on plant age and season may have different effects on the performance of specialist and generalist herbivores colonizing the same host plants. In this study, we analyzed concentrations of defensive secondary metabolites (aristolochic acids) and the nutritional value (C/N ratios) of 1st-, 2nd- and 3rd-year Aristolochia contorta in July (the middle of growing season) and September (the end of growing season). We further assessed their effects on the performances of the specialist herbivore Sericinus montela (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) and the generalist herbivore Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Leaves of 1st-year A. contorta contained significantly higher concentrations of aristolochic acids than those of older plants, with concentrations tending to decrease over the first-year season. Therefore, when first year leaves were fed in July, all larvae of S. exigua died and S. montela showed the lowest growth rate compared to older leaves fed in July. However, the nutritional quality of A. contorta leaves was lower in September than July irrespective of plant age, which was reflected in lower larval performance of both herbivores in September. These results suggest that A. contorta invests in the chemical defenses of leaves especially at a young age, while the low nutritional value of leaves seems to limit the performance of leaf-chewing herbivores at the end of the season, regardless of plant age.

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“…This plant is a stem-twiner, but is ground-rooted, non-parasitic, and non-epiphytic 26 . Usually, A. contorta grows on the edges of forests, rivers, and agricultural fields in East Asia (Korea, Japan, China, and Russia) 27 – 29 . It has low sexual reproductivity and forms small populations 30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of human activities on Sericinus montela and its host plant Aristolochia contorta

Park

Kim

2023

Sci Rep

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Sericinus montela, a globally threatened butterfly species, feeds exclusively on Aristolochia contorta (Northern pipevine). Field surveys and glasshouse experiments were conducted to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between the two species. Interviews with the persons concerned with A. contorta were conducted to collect information about the site management measures. We found that management practices to control invasive species and manage the riverine areas might reduce the coverage of A. contorta and the number of eggs and larvae of S. montela. Our results indicated that the degraded quality of A. contorta may result in a decrease in S. montela populations by diminishing their food source and spawning sites. This study implies that ecological management in the riverine area should be set up to protect rare species and biodiversity.

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Shade and physical support are necessary for conserving the Aristolochia contorta population

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Effects of light and nutrient on flower formation and vegetative growth of Viola collina

Effects of light and nutrient on flower formation and vegetative growth of Viola collina

Age-dependent resistance of a perennial herb, Aristolochia contorta against specialist and generalist leaf-chewing herbivores

Effects of human activities on Sericinus montela and its host plant Aristolochia contorta

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