Sexual hormones: Effects on cardiac and mitochondrial activity after ischemia–reperfusion in adult rats. Gender difference

Pavón, Natalia; Martínez-Abundis, Eduardo; López-Hernández, Luz Berenice; Gallardo‐Pérez, Juan Carlos; Álvarez-Delgado, Carolina; Cerbón, Marco; Pérez-Torres, Israel; Aranda, Alberto; Chávez, Edmundo

doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.05.003

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, the age-associated myocardial reaction pattern differed between male and female cats.Considering that the majority of cats were neutered, other than hormonal factors seem to influence cardiac inflammation and remodelling (Chua et al, 2011;Pavon et al, 2012). In the absence of androgens as cause forcardiac inflammation, the higher myocardial levels of inflammatory and immune modulatory cytokines in the male cats might be associated with anappropriate myocardial response to the systemic diseases present in most cats, whereas the myocardium of female cats fails to develop a reactive response (Fang et al, 2007;Chen and Frangogiannis, 2010;Chua et al, 2011;Pavon et al, 2012). Similarly, a 20 younger age was associated with an increased transcription of inflammatory and immune modulatory cytokines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the ageing human population heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is a frequent presentation. Gender differences are well known, with female species exhibiting favourable cardiac pathology (Chua et al, 2011;Pavon et al, 2012).Furthermore, systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, renal diseases, hypertension, and obesity, are known comorbidities and contribute to impaired cardiac function (Ather et al, 2012). Similar presentations are seen in cats and dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age- and gender-dependent myocardial transcription patterns of cytokines and extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes in cats with non-cardiac diseases

Fonfara

Hetzel

Hahn

et al. 2015

Experimental Gerontology

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Background:Age, genderand systemic diseases all influence cardiac function and remodelling.In cats, age and genderassociated myocardial remodelling and the effect of systemic diseases on the myocardium have so far not been studied. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate whetherrelevant cytokines and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodellingenzymesare expressed in the myocardium of cats with non-cardiac diseasesand whether transcription levels are influenced by age and gender. Methods:The study was performed on myocardial samples from 26 cats aged between 2 and 19 years that had died with non-cardiac diseases. Seventeen cats were female (2 entire), nine were male (1 entire). Of these, nine cats were diagnosed with diseases unlikely to affect the myocardium (control cats). The remaining 17 cats suffered from diseases with likely systemic effects.All hearts were assessed for any pathological changes, and the myocardium was analysed for interleukin (IL)-1, -2, -4, -6, -18, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-, interferon(IFN)-, transforming growth factor (TGF)-, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -3, -13, tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1, -2 and -3 transcription using quantitative RT-PCR assays. Results:Despite the absence of any histological evidence of myocardial damage,inflammation and fibrosis, the myocardium of all cats was found to constitutively transcribe cytokines and ECM remodelling enzymes, with generally higher mRNA concentrations in atria than in ventricles.Young and male cats exhibited higher transcription levels throughout the myocardium in comparison to older and female cats. Furthermore, age-associated transcription pattern differed between male and female cats. Conclusion:The constitutive transcription of ECM remodellingenzymes suggests continuous myocardial remodelling throughout the entire life of a cat. The myocardium of young and malecats appears to be in a pro-inflammatory state, whereas in older and female cats the myocardium exhibits a reduced inflammatory reaction to systemic disease.Age-associated cardiac remodelling seems to be influenced bynon-hormonal factors inmale and female cats. Abstract: Background: Age, gender and systemic diseases all influence cardiac function and remodelling. In cats, age and gender associated myocardial remodelling and the effect of systemic diseases on the myocardium have so far not been studied. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate whether relevant cytokines and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling enzymes are expressed in the myocardium of cats with non-cardiac diseases and whether transcription levels are influenced by age and gender. Methods: The study was performed on myocardial samples from 26 cats aged between 2 and 19 years that had died with non-cardiac diseases. Seventeen cats were female (2 entire), nine were male (1 entire). Of these, nine cats were diagnosed with diseases unlikely to affect the myocardium (control cats). The remaining 17 cats suffered from diseases with likely systemic effects. All hearts were assessed fo...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age- and gender-dependent myocardial transcription patterns of cytokines and extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes in cats with non-cardiac diseases

Fonfara

Hetzel

Hahn

et al. 2015

Experimental Gerontology

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“…() and Pavon et al . () described the relevance of oestrogens in maintaining proper mitochondrial function in response to the instability of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening after ischaemia/reperfusion. They observed that the opening of this pore can be blocked by physiological concentrations of oestrogens, similar to blockade with the classic inhibitor cyclosporin.…”

Section: Role Of Hormones In Sex‐related Differences Of Cardiac Sensimentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex‐based differences in cardiac ischaemic injury and protection: therapeutic implications

Ošťádal

2014

British J Pharmacology

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Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is the most frequent cause of mortality among men and women. Many epidemiological studies have demonstrated that premenopausal women have a reduced risk for IHD compared with their male counterparts. The incidence of IHD in women increases after menopause, suggesting that IHD is related to declining oestrogen levels. Experimental observations have confirmed the results of epidemiological studies investigating sex-specific differences in cardiac tolerance to ischaemia. Female sex appears also to favourably influence cardiac remodelling after ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Furthermore, sex-related differences in ischaemic tolerance of the adult myocardium can be influenced by interventions during the early phases of ontogenetic development. Detailed mechanisms of these sex-related differences remain unknown; however, they involve the genomic and non-genomic effects of sex steroid hormones, particularly the oestrogens, which have been the most extensively studied. Although the protective effects of oestrogen have many potential therapeutic implications, clinical trials have shown that oestrogen replacement in postmenopausal women may actually increase the incidence of IHD. The results of these trials have illustrated the complexity underlying the mechanisms involved in sex-related differences in cardiac tolerance to ischaemia. Sex-related differences in cardiac sensitivity to ischaemia/reperfusion injury may also influence therapeutic strategies in women with acute coronary syndrome. Women undergo coronary intervention less frequently and a lower proportion of women receive evidence-based therapy compared with men. Although our understanding of this important topic has increased in recent years, there is an urgent need for intensive experimental and clinical research to develop female-specific therapeutic strategies. Only then we will be able to offer patients better evidence-based treatment, a better quality of life and lower mortality. LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed section on Biological Sex and Cardiovascular Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10. 1111/bph.2014.171.issue-3 Abbreviations ACS, acute coronary syndrome; CaMKII, Ca 2+ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; ER, oestrogen receptor; GPER, G protein coupled oestrogen receptor; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; ROS, reactive oxygen species IntroductionAmong cardiovascular diseases, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is the single most frequent cause of death among men and women, and is responsible for more than one-half of all cardiovascular events (Steg et al., 2012). Epidemiological studies have clearly shown that in premenopausal women the onset of IHD occurs, on average, 10 years later than in men, with myocardial infarction occurring 20 years later (Duvall, 2003;Bassuk and Manson, 2010).The incidence of IHD in women increases markedly after menopause, suggesting that IHD is related to declin...

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“…Female hormones, such as estradiol, exert a protective effect on brain ischemia or stroke . Stages of the estrous cycle are important to ischemic outcomes in other rodents in that proestrus females showed significantly smaller infarcts than metestrus females in stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats . Thus, in most reports, male animals were chosen to study ischemia and stroke .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an ischemic model in ischemia prone and general Mongolian gerbils by neurological symptom, injury, and sex difference

Guo

et al. 2018

Anim Models and Exp Med

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Sexual hormones: Effects on cardiac and mitochondrial activity after ischemia–reperfusion in adult rats. Gender difference

Cited by 37 publications

References 39 publications

Age- and gender-dependent myocardial transcription patterns of cytokines and extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes in cats with non-cardiac diseases

Age- and gender-dependent myocardial transcription patterns of cytokines and extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes in cats with non-cardiac diseases

Sex‐based differences in cardiac ischaemic injury and protection: therapeutic implications

Evaluation of an ischemic model in ischemia prone and general Mongolian gerbils by neurological symptom, injury, and sex difference

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