Sexual dimorphism in <i>Ephedrus persicae</i> (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae): intraspecific variation in size and shape

Bogdanović, Ana Mitrovski; Ivanović, Ana; Tomanović, Željko; Žikić, Vladimir; Starý, Petr; Kavallieratos, Nickolas G.

doi:10.4039/n09-029

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Besides temperature, environmental factors related to nutrition levels and/or quality influence organ size and shape. For instance, in the wasp Ephedrus persicae (Froggatt, 1904) that parasitizes aphids, wing size and shape depends on the type of host (Bogdanović et al, 2009). Different density regimes, inducing competition for nutrition levels, clearly affected wing size in all three studied species, a common trend previously observed in D. melanogaster (Bitner-Mathé and Klaczko, 1999;Siomava et al, 2016) and in C. capitata and M. domestica (Siomava et al, 2016).…”

Section: Plasticity In Response To Rearing Densitysupporting

confidence: 55%

Conserved and Divergent Aspects of Plasticity and Sexual Dimorphism in Wing Size and Shape in Three Diptera

et al. 2021

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The ability of powered flight in insects facilitated their great evolutionary success allowing them to occupy various ecological niches. Beyond this primary task, wings are often involved in various premating behaviors, such as the generation of courtship songs and the initiation of mating in flight. These specific functions imply special adaptations of wing morphology, as well as sex-specific wing morphologies. Although wing morphology has been extensively studied in Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830), a comprehensive understanding of developmental plasticity and the impact of sex on wing size and shape plasticity is missing for other Diptera. Therefore, we raised flies of the three Diptera species Drosophila melanogaster, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) and Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) at different environmental conditions and applied geometric morphometrics to analyze wing shape. Our data showed extensive interspecific differences in wing shape, as well as a clear sexual wing shape dimorphism in all three species. We revealed an impact of different rearing temperatures on wing shape in all three species, which was mostly explained by plasticity in wing size in D. melanogaster. Rearing densities had significant effects on allometric wing shape in D. melanogaster, while no obvious effects were observed for the other two species. Additionally, we did not find evidence for sex-specific response to different rearing conditions in D. melanogaster and C. capitata, while a male-specific impact of different rearing conditions was observed on non-allometric wing shape in M. domestica. Overall, our data strongly suggests that many aspects of wing morphology underly species-specific adaptations and we discuss potential developmental and functional implications of our results.

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Section: Plasticity In Response To Rearing Densitysupporting

confidence: 55%

Conserved and Divergent Aspects of Plasticity and Sexual Dimorphism in Wing Size and Shape in Three Diptera

et al. 2021

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“…Our interspecific shape analysis revealed a clear sexual shape dimorphism which was most pronounced for C. capitata (Fig. 1B, Table 1) (see also (Pretorius, 2005; Bogdanović et al, 2009; Camargo et al, 2015)). The extreme sexual shape dimorphism in C. capitata likely explains the significant interaction between species and sex (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Sexual dimorphism and plasticity in wing shape in three Diptera

Zhang¹,

Ke²,

Yu³

et al. 2017

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20The ability to powered flight facilitated a great evolutionary success of insects and allowed them to occupy 21 various ecological niches. In addition to primary tasks, wings are often involved in various premating 22 behaviors, such as courtship songs and initiation of mating in flight. These specific implications require certain 23 wing morphology, size, and shape. Although wing properties have been extensively studied in Drosophila, a 24 comprehensive understanding of sexual shape dimorphisms and developmental plasticity in wing morphology 25 is missing for other Diptera. To acquire this knowledge, we applied geometric morphometrics and analyzed 26 wing shape in three dipteran species (Drosophila, Ceratitis, and Musca) raised in different environmental 27 conditions. We extensively studied sexual dimorphism and impact of sex and environment on the adult wing 28 morphology. We present allometric and non-allometric shape differences between males and females and 29 show that wing shape is influenced by rearing conditions in a sex dependent manner. We determine common 30 trends in shape alterations and show that the anterior and posterior crossveins are likely to be plastic regions 31 changing substantially at different environmental conditions. We discuss our data in the light of vein 32 development and hypothesize that the observed shape differences might recapitulate different mating 33 behaviors and flight capabilities.

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“…Wing morphology and wing shape have great adaptive significance and could be related to varying ecological roles as well as to the physiological constraints of flight (e.g., Berwaerts et al 2002). Our earlier analysis of the variation in sexual dimorphism in wing shape among E. persicae biotypes (Mitrovski Bogdanović et al 2009) also revealed that the level and pattern of sexual dimorphism in wing size and wing shape differed among the biotypes, indicating a high level of morphological variation in wing shape within E. persicae. Diversification in body shape, or the shape of any particular morphological structure, may result from allometric shape changes and from alterations in shape unrelated to size (Bookstein 1991;Klingenberg 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Does allometry account for shape variability in Ephedrus persicae Froggatt (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) parasitic wasps?

et al. 2010

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We analysed linear measurements on various parts of the body and the configuration of 11 landmarks on the wing in a large sample of Ephedrus persicae that had emerged from 13 aphid host species, to assess whether static allometry (a measure of the scaling relationship between traits in a population of individuals at the same ontogenetic stage) accounts for variation in body shape. The analysed specimens came from several localities in Europe, Asia Minor, Japan and South America, and cover a large portion of the distribution area of E. persicae. We found that allometry accounts for variation in body shape among different biotypes within the E. persicae group. The allometric slopes for head size (HD), petiolus width (PETW), mesoscutum width (MSC), and ovipositor sheath length (OVPL) diverged significantly among biotypes, indicating biotype-specific allometries. The analysis of allometric variation in wing shape showed that the pattern and direction of allometric changes also differed among individuals that had emerged from different hosts. Our results (observed divergences in the directions of allometric slopes of particular morphometric traits and wing shape) suggest that allometric relations within E. persicae are not conserved, so that allometry itself changes, evolving differently in aphid parasitoids that emerge from different hosts.

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Sexual dimorphism in Ephedrus persicae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae): intraspecific variation in size and shape

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Conserved and Divergent Aspects of Plasticity and Sexual Dimorphism in Wing Size and Shape in Three Diptera

Conserved and Divergent Aspects of Plasticity and Sexual Dimorphism in Wing Size and Shape in Three Diptera

Sexual dimorphism and plasticity in wing shape in three Diptera

Does allometry account for shape variability in Ephedrus persicae Froggatt (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) parasitic wasps?

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