Sex, strain, and housing: Variables influencing the effects of prior shock exposure on shock-induced aggression

The effects of isolation and handling on reactivity to footshock and tactile dorsal stimulation

“…Tests of simple effects within shock levels indicated that the isolated groups were more reactiveat both 1-and 2-rnA shocks, although the difference between groups was markedly greater at 2 rnA than at 1 rnA. These data are consistent with other research (e.g., Nelson & Knutson, 1978) demonstrating that male rats housed in isolation react more to shock stimuli than do group-housed male rats and that the difference between groups is greater at higher shock intensities. The effect of handling did not approach statistical significance, and handling did not interact with the shock inten-…”

“…Isolation results in increased reactivity to nonpainful tactile stimulation of the dorsal surface at all of the intensities tested but results in increased reactivity to only the more intense shock stimuli used. The latter data are entirely consistent with previous work by Nelson and Knutson (1978), in which isolation resulted in greater reactivity to the more intense shock stimuli used in testing.…”

“…However. Figure 2 and the interaction that was so close to statistical significance suggest that the group-housed animals were shock was suggested by Nelson and Knutson (1978), in whose study isolation resulted in increased reactivity to shock even after their rats had had 10 daily sessions of shock-induced aggression testing. Wahlstrand (1977) recently demonstrated that isolation early in development can result in greater reactivity to shock stimuli even after 30 days of groupcage housing.…”

The effects of isolation and handling on reactivity to footshock and tactile dorsal stimulation

“…Tests of simple effects within shock levels indicated that the isolated groups were more reactiveat both 1-and 2-rnA shocks, although the difference between groups was markedly greater at 2 rnA than at 1 rnA. These data are consistent with other research (e.g., Nelson & Knutson, 1978) demonstrating that male rats housed in isolation react more to shock stimuli than do group-housed male rats and that the difference between groups is greater at higher shock intensities. The effect of handling did not approach statistical significance, and handling did not interact with the shock inten-…”

“…Isolation results in increased reactivity to nonpainful tactile stimulation of the dorsal surface at all of the intensities tested but results in increased reactivity to only the more intense shock stimuli used. The latter data are entirely consistent with previous work by Nelson and Knutson (1978), in which isolation resulted in greater reactivity to the more intense shock stimuli used in testing.…”

“…However. Figure 2 and the interaction that was so close to statistical significance suggest that the group-housed animals were shock was suggested by Nelson and Knutson (1978), in whose study isolation resulted in increased reactivity to shock even after their rats had had 10 daily sessions of shock-induced aggression testing. Wahlstrand (1977) recently demonstrated that isolation early in development can result in greater reactivity to shock stimuli even after 30 days of groupcage housing.…”

Effects of reactivity to dorsal stimulation and social role on aggressive behavior in laboratory rats

“…Reactivity to shock is not related to shock-induced aggression [Knutson et al, 1979;Nelson and Knutson, 1978;Sheard and Davis, 19761 nor to chronic patterns of home-cage aggressive behavior [eg Wahlstrand et al, 19831. Similarly, efforts to relate reactivity to dorsal tactile stimulation to home-cage aggression in this laboratory have not been fruitful, mahlstrand et al, 19831 and Experiment 2 indicated an absence of a relationship between shock-induced aggression and dorsal reactivity.…”

“…This is somewhat remarkable since reactivity to shock has not been predictive of shock-induced aggression [eg, Knutson et al, 1979;Nelson and Knutson, 1978;Sheard and Davis, 19771. However, it is possible that the reactivity per se was not a factor in the shock-induced aggression test but that the resident-intruder experience produced by reactive intruders affected the shock-induced aggression.…”

The effects of isolation and handling on reactivity to footshock and tactile dorsal stimulation

“…Tests of simple effects within shock levels indicated that the isolated groups were more reactiveat both 1-and 2-rnA shocks, although the difference between groups was markedly greater at 2 rnA than at 1 rnA. These data are consistent with other research (e.g., Nelson & Knutson, 1978) demonstrating that male rats housed in isolation react more to shock stimuli than do group-housed male rats and that the difference between groups is greater at higher shock intensities. The effect of handling did not approach statistical significance, and handling did not interact with the shock inten-…”

“…Isolation results in increased reactivity to nonpainful tactile stimulation of the dorsal surface at all of the intensities tested but results in increased reactivity to only the more intense shock stimuli used. The latter data are entirely consistent with previous work by Nelson and Knutson (1978), in which isolation resulted in greater reactivity to the more intense shock stimuli used in testing.…”

“…However. Figure 2 and the interaction that was so close to statistical significance suggest that the group-housed animals were shock was suggested by Nelson and Knutson (1978), in whose study isolation resulted in increased reactivity to shock even after their rats had had 10 daily sessions of shock-induced aggression testing. Wahlstrand (1977) recently demonstrated that isolation early in development can result in greater reactivity to shock stimuli even after 30 days of groupcage housing.…”

Effects of reactivity to dorsal stimulation and social role on aggressive behavior in laboratory rats

“…Reactivity to shock is not related to shock-induced aggression [Knutson et al, 1979;Nelson and Knutson, 1978;Sheard and Davis, 19761 nor to chronic patterns of home-cage aggressive behavior [eg Wahlstrand et al, 19831. Similarly, efforts to relate reactivity to dorsal tactile stimulation to home-cage aggression in this laboratory have not been fruitful, mahlstrand et al, 19831 and Experiment 2 indicated an absence of a relationship between shock-induced aggression and dorsal reactivity.…”

“…This is somewhat remarkable since reactivity to shock has not been predictive of shock-induced aggression [eg, Knutson et al, 1979;Nelson and Knutson, 1978;Sheard and Davis, 19771. However, it is possible that the reactivity per se was not a factor in the shock-induced aggression test but that the resident-intruder experience produced by reactive intruders affected the shock-induced aggression.…”

The effects of isolation and handling on reactivity to footshock and tactile dorsal stimulation

“…Tests of simple effects within shock levels indicated that the isolated groups were more reactiveat both 1-and 2-rnA shocks, although the difference between groups was markedly greater at 2 rnA than at 1 rnA. These data are consistent with other research (e.g., Nelson & Knutson, 1978) demonstrating that male rats housed in isolation react more to shock stimuli than do group-housed male rats and that the difference between groups is greater at higher shock intensities. The effect of handling did not approach statistical significance, and handling did not interact with the shock inten-…”

“…Isolation results in increased reactivity to nonpainful tactile stimulation of the dorsal surface at all of the intensities tested but results in increased reactivity to only the more intense shock stimuli used. The latter data are entirely consistent with previous work by Nelson and Knutson (1978), in which isolation resulted in greater reactivity to the more intense shock stimuli used in testing.…”

“…However. Figure 2 and the interaction that was so close to statistical significance suggest that the group-housed animals were shock was suggested by Nelson and Knutson (1978), in whose study isolation resulted in increased reactivity to shock even after their rats had had 10 daily sessions of shock-induced aggression testing. Wahlstrand (1977) recently demonstrated that isolation early in development can result in greater reactivity to shock stimuli even after 30 days of groupcage housing.…”

Effects of reactivity to dorsal stimulation and social role on aggressive behavior in laboratory rats

“…Reactivity to shock is not related to shock-induced aggression [Knutson et al, 1979;Nelson and Knutson, 1978;Sheard and Davis, 19761 nor to chronic patterns of home-cage aggressive behavior [eg Wahlstrand et al, 19831. Similarly, efforts to relate reactivity to dorsal tactile stimulation to home-cage aggression in this laboratory have not been fruitful, mahlstrand et al, 19831 and Experiment 2 indicated an absence of a relationship between shock-induced aggression and dorsal reactivity.…”

“…This is somewhat remarkable since reactivity to shock has not been predictive of shock-induced aggression [eg, Knutson et al, 1979;Nelson and Knutson, 1978;Sheard and Davis, 19771. However, it is possible that the reactivity per se was not a factor in the shock-induced aggression test but that the resident-intruder experience produced by reactive intruders affected the shock-induced aggression.…”