Sex-Specific Regulation of Inflammation and Metabolic Syndrome in Obesity

Horst, Rob ter; Munckhof, Inge C.L. van den; Schraa, Kiki; Aguirre-Gamboa, Raúl; Jaeger, Martin; Smeekens, Sanne P.; Brand, Tessa; Lemmers, Heidi; Dijkstra, Helga; Galesloot, Tessel E.; Graaf, Jacqueline de; Xavier, Ramnik J.; Li, Yang; Joosten, Leo A. B.; Rutten, Joost H.W.; Netea, Mihai G.; Riksen, Niels P.

doi:10.1161/atvbaha.120.314508

Cited by 94 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Biochemical parameters followed the São Francisco Laboratory protocol at the University Hospital (University of Marilia, Marilia, São Paulo, Brazil), which uses the reference values for the results given by the test manufacturer in the analyses. These results, as well as anthropometric parameters, are in accordance with those used by Ter Horst et al 1 The serum ferritin levels were evaluated using the chemiluminescence method (Cobas e411, Roche Diagnostic Ltd., Switzerland); the minimum concentration that could be detected was 0.5 ng/mL. We followed the manufacturer's reference levels for ferritin: < 150 ng/mL in women and < 400 ng/mL in men.…”

Section: Anthropometric and Biochemical Analysissupporting

confidence: 74%

“…13 The presence of MS was evaluated according to NCEP ATP III, which requires the presence of any three of the following five conditions: abdominal obesity (WC ≥ 102 cm in men and ≥ 88 cm in women); hyperglycemia (fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL); serum HDL-c ≤ 50 mg/dL in women and ≤ 40 mg in men; serum triglycerides (TG) ≥ 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L); and BP ≥ 130/85 mmHg). 1 Other parameters were also evaluated, such as smoking and alcohol consumption.…”

Section: Anthropometric and Biochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several definitions of MS have emerged over the years, showing, however, some variations concerning the criteria and reference values of the metabolic parameters involved. [1][2][3][4] There are several diagnostic consensuses for MS, but most include cardiometabolic risk factors, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, and pro-inflammatory state. The National Cholesterol Education Program ATP III criteria (NCEP ATP III) require the presence of any three of the following five conditions: abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, low levels of HDL-c, high levels of serum triglycerides, and high blood pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The National Cholesterol Education Program ATP III criteria (NCEP ATP III) require the presence of any three of the following five conditions: abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, low levels of HDL-c, high levels of serum triglycerides, and high blood pressure. 1,5,6 Hyperferritinemia is a condition in which excessively high levels of ferritin are observed, which may indicate iron overload, and which can be related to damage to the myocardium, liver, and several other tissues. However, four causes are responsible for more than 90% of cases of hyperferritinemia: inflammatory conditions, cytolysis, alcoholism, and MS. Ferritin is a protein with ubiquitous distribution and is essential for the maintenance of iron homeostasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Hyperferritinemia in Patients at Cardiovascular Risk</p>

Togfano

Pescinni-Salzedas

Chagas

et al. 2020

DMSO

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Aim: To evaluate the association between parameters of hyperferritinemia (HF) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients at cardiovascular risk. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical observational study that included 269 patients who attended a cardiology unit. Biochemical and anthropometric parameters were evaluated to identify the presence of HF and MS. The presence of MS was evaluated according to NCEP ATP III. Biochemical parameters (glycemia, triglycerides, HDL-c) were assessed according to the manufacturer's protocols. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure measurements were made by a trained professional. The chi-square (X 2) test, odds ratio, normality distribution (verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test), and Levene's test were used to analyze the variables. To evaluate the effect of MS, HF, and the interaction between MS and HF, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed based on the homogeneity of the variances, followed by Bonferroni's post hoc comparisons. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between quantitative variables. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the effect of covariables. A logistic regression model was built to analyze the variables that contribute significantly to predict the outcome (HF) using the backward method. Results: Our results showed that 57% of men and 49.5% of women presented with MS; 44% of men and 11% of women presented with HF. The presence of MS and hypertriglyceridemia increase the probability of having HF by up to 2.1 and 1.88 times, respectively, while for male sex it is increased by 6.2 times. Patients with HF have higher values of C-reactive protein, ferritin, and transferrin saturation, regardless of the presence of MS. The linear regression analysis model indicated that the variables considered in this study explain less than 30% of the variation in ferritin and that the presence of MS in men is responsible for 22% of the variation in the probability of the occurrence of HF. Conclusion: Our results show that hyperferritinemia is closely associated with the components of MS (positive correlation with glycemia, triglycerides levels, blood pressure, and waist circumference, and negative correlation with HDL-c values) in the studied population.

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Section: Anthropometric and Biochemical Analysissupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Anthropometric and Biochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

<p>Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Hyperferritinemia in Patients at Cardiovascular Risk</p>

Togfano

Pescinni-Salzedas

Chagas

et al. 2020

DMSO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…33 Others studies, however, postulate that sex differences in inflammatory regulation in obesity are not dependent on sex steroids. 34 Sex differences in the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptor have been identified as an important contributor to the initiation and course of the disease. 6,7,27 Women are at an advantage as the ACE2 gene is located on the X chromosome, so they have higher ACE2 levels, which has a protective effect.…”

Section: Sex Differences In Cardiac Manifestations Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak Highlights the Importance of Sex-sensitive Medicine

Maas

Oertelt‐Prigione

2020

Eur Cardiol

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The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed important differences between the sexes in epidemiology, risk factors, clinical course, mortality and socioeconomic dimensions of the disease in all populations worldwide. This has emphasised the need for a better understanding of diversity aspects in healthcare to improve prevention, treatment and long-term consequences. In this article, the authors describe the most relevant knowledge thus far on sex differences regarding COVID-19.

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Dyslipidemia and SARS‐CoV‐2 spike antibody titres after the second and third doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine among healthcare workers in Japan

Islam

Yamamoto

Mizoue

et al. 2022

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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Objective This study aimed to examine the sex‐associated differences in the relationship between dyslipidemia and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies among BNT162b2 vaccine recipients. Methods Participants were staff members (aged 21–75 years) of a medical and research institution who underwent an anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike IgG antibody test after the second (n = 1872) and third doses (n = 1075) of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Dyslipidemia was defined as triglyceride level ≥150 mg/dl, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol level <40 mg/dl, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol level ≥140 mg/dl, or lipid‐lowering medication use. Multivariable linear regression was used to calculate the ratio of means for SARS‐CoV‐2 spike IgG titre according to dyslipidemia status. Results The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 38.0% in men and 19.6% in women. The relationship between dyslipidemia and SARS‐CoV‐2 spike IgG titres after the second dose differed markedly by sex (P for interaction <0.001). In men, dyslipidemia was associated with significantly lower IgG titres: the ratio of means (95% confidence interval) was 0.82 (0.72–0.93). However, this association disappeared after the third dose (0.96 [0.78–1.18]). Of the dyslipidemia components, hypertriglyceridemia was inversely associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 spike IgG antibody titre after both the second and third doses (ratio of means: 0.82 [0.70–0.95] and 0.73 [0.56–0.95], respectively). In women, IgG titres did not differ according to dyslipidemia or hypertriglyceridemia status after either dose. Conclusions These results suggest a detrimental role of hypertriglyceridemia in the humoral immune response to the BNT162b2 vaccine for COVID‐19 in men but not in women.

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Sex-Specific Regulation of Inflammation and Metabolic Syndrome in Obesity

Cited by 94 publications

References 43 publications

<p>Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Hyperferritinemia in Patients at Cardiovascular Risk</p>

<p>Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Hyperferritinemia in Patients at Cardiovascular Risk</p>

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak Highlights the Importance of Sex-sensitive Medicine

Dyslipidemia and SARS‐CoV‐2 spike antibody titres after the second and third doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine among healthcare workers in Japan

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