Sex Offending and Situational Motivation

Farmer, Mark; McAlinden, Anne Marie; Maruna, Shadd

doi:10.1177/0306624x16668175

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Two theories discussed in this paper suggest the following approaches to the JK business; 1) Gendered pathways theory allows related agencies to provide female minors with adequate help that meet their survival needs based on female characteristics, and 2) Sexual script theory intervenes sexual offenses by identifying social and psychological push factors of creating distorted sexual predilections (Farmer et al, 2016;Salisbury, 2007;Wiederman, 2015). Sexual Sexual exploitations of minors in the "JK business" settings require the immediate attention of researchers as the businesses continue to expand and victimize vulnerable teenagers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stigmatization can worsen the girls' attitude toward authorities and rebel against them to commit more crimes or become more involved in the "JK businesses." Sexual script theory demonstrates cultural messages in society as a source of distorted moral behaviors and deviant sexuality (Farmer et al, 2016;Frith & Kitzinger, 2001). An advantage of using sexual script theory is to be able to take two different approaches to crime; sociology and cognitive psychology (Frith & Kitzinger, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sexual script theory explains that deviant sexual behavior is a learned condition from being exposed to cultural messages that teach people what counts as sexual situations and how to act in such situations (Frith & Kitzinger, 2001). According to O'Malley, Bachman, and Johnston (1996), greater deviance is induced when a deviant act is easier to act upon and followed by greater symbolic and tangible rewards (as cited in Farmer, McAlinden, & Maruna, 2016).…”

Section: Sexual Script Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theoretical Explanations of Jyoshi Kousei ("JK Business") in Japan

Ogaki¹

2018

Dignity

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Jyoshi kousei (JK) means high school girls in Japanese and "JK business" is an umbrella term for commercial activities done by high school girls to provide male customers with sexual arousal. The "JK business" is considered to promote sexual exploitation or sexual assault of minors. Currently, only two prefectures out of 47 in Japan enforce ordinances that specifically regulate the "JK business. " This paper intends to explore possible theoretical explanations of the "JK business" to raise awareness on the issue. Gendered pathways theory and sexual script theory are selected as the primary source of the discussions. Policy implications and future research recommendations derived from the discussion are provided.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sexual Script Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theoretical Explanations of Jyoshi Kousei ("JK Business") in Japan

Ogaki¹

2018

Dignity

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“…The present study also brought new insight and theoretical perspectives to the existing body of knowledge on the commission of sexual exploitation by international peacekeepers in host countries. Beauregard and Leclere (2007) and Farmer et al (2016) approached the study on sex offending from the pathological and personal perspectives. However, this research brought new ideas by approaching the study from the perspectives of rational choice and routine activities theories.…”

Section: Susceptabilities Of Locals To Sexual Explotation By Peacekeementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past researchers (Beauregard & Leclere, 2007;Farmer, McAlinden, & Maruna, 2016) have used different research methods and theoretical models to study sex offenses but not within the peacekeeping contexts. Farmer et al (2016) used routine activities theory to explore situational motivation and how offenders could desist from sexual offending while Beauregard and Leclere (2007) used rational choice theory to explore sex offending and decision-making processes of sex offenders. These research methods and theoretical models demonstrated that environmental or situational factors could trigger action by sex offenders and that offenders exhibit a rational behavior in deciding to commit or not to commit a sex offense.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunity and Sex Offending by International Peacekeepers in the Central African Republic

Gassama

2018

JSBHS

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Despite their peacekeeping role in the management of internal armed conflicts, some international peacekeepers have sexually exploited local populations in host countries, resulting in dire social consequences and threats to the success of international peace operations. Although researchers have examined sexual violence committed by peacekeepers, few researchers, if any, have used routine activities theory to examine sex offending by peacekeepers. This article explored the extent to which situational opportunities influenced international peacekeepers’ engagement in the sexual exploitation of civilians in the Central African Republic, a peacekeeping host country. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews with 15 research participants, including local witnesses, peacekeepers, and U.N. policy makers, and from public records obtained from online sources. Data were coded using an inductive coding strategy and then analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicated that both the local and peacekeeping conditions, including lack of deterrence and accountability mechanisms, heightened the vulnerability of local populations to sex predation and motivated peacekeeper sex offenders to engage in sex offending. Local community leaders and policy makers could use study findings to promote educational programs on the institutional responsibility to protect vulnerable civilians and shape policies to prevent the commission of sexual exploitation by peacekeepers.

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