Sex Differences in the Steepness of Dominance Hierarchies in Captive Bonobo Groups

Stevens, Jeroen M. G.; Vervaecke, Hilde; Vries, Han de; Elsacker, Linda Van

doi:10.1007/s10764-007-9186-9

Cited by 69 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This study is one of the first to quantify dominance steepness for any avian species. Despite captive conditions, which may increase dominance steepness (Stevens et al 2007), our captive Monk Parakeets had moderately linear dominance hierarchies with very low steepness values. Solely on the basis of these low steepness values, our 2 captive groups of Monk Parakeets would be classified on the egalitarian side of the egalitarian-despotic continuum (van Schaik 1989, de Vries et al 2006.…”

Section: Aggression and Dominancementioning

confidence: 67%

The socioecology of Monk Parakeets: Insights into parrot social complexity

Hobson

Avery²,

Wright

2014

The Auk

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In many species, individuals benefit from social associations, but they must balance these benefits with the costs of competition for resources. Understanding how these competing factors generate diversity in social systems is a major goal of behavioral ecology, but one that has been hampered by a lack of basic data quantifying many aspects of social structure and associations. Although parrots are generally assumed to have complex social groups, few studies have quantitatively examined these assumptions about parrot social structure. We critically assessed 4 assumptions about parrot socioecology using data from captive and wild groups of Monk Parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus). We evaluated (1) whether pairs are the fundamental unit of parrot social structure, (2) the patterns and extent of fission-fusion dynamics, (3) patterns of aggression and dominance hierarchy structure, and (4) whether individuals share foraging information. We found evidence that supported pairs as the fundamental unit of social structure, although these close associates were not always heterosexual breeding pairs and were sometimes trios. Fission and fusion of subgroups were common, and the amount of fission-fusion dynamics varied across flock types and by fission-fusion dimension, but the amount of variation among dimensions was consistent across replicate captive social groups. Despite these levels of fission-fusion dynamics, study of aggressive interactions in our 2 captive groups indicated that dominance hierarchies existed. Hierarchies were moderately linear (0.7) but not steep (,0.1). Finally, we found no evidence that Monk Parakeets share foraging information among groups through active vocal recruitment to foraging flocks. We compared these patterns with those documented for other species of parrots and other cognitively complex largebrained species. We consider the implications of our results for the study of the evolution of complex sociality and highlight several future directions for parrot socioecology research. Keywords: aggression, dominance hierarchy, fission-fusion dynamics, Myiopsitta monachus, parrot, social complexity, social network analysis, social structure Socioecología de Myiopsitta monachus: Revelaciones de la complejidad social de los loros RESUMEN En muchas especies, los individuos se benefician de las asociaciones sociales, pero deben balancear estos beneficios con los costos de la competencia por los recursos. Entender cómo estos factores que compiten entre sí generan diversidad en los sistemas sociales es un objetivo central de la ecología del comportamiento, pero uno que ha sido obstaculizado por la falta de datos básicos que cuantifiquen muchos aspectos dela estructura social y de las asociaciones. Aunque se asume generalmente que los loros tienen grupos sociales complejos, pocos estudios han examinado cuantitativamente estos supuestos sobre la estructura social de los loros. Evaluamos de modo crítico cuatro supuestos sobre la socioecología de los loros usando datos de grupos cautivos y silvestres d...

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Section: Aggression and Dominancementioning

confidence: 67%

The socioecology of Monk Parakeets: Insights into parrot social complexity

Hobson

Avery²,

Wright

2014

The Auk

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“…We used 'fleeing upon aggression' as a behavioural marker for subordinance [16]. Dominance relationships and linearity were calculated with the Matman matrix analysis program (NOLDUS v. 1.1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We calculated and tested the adjusted linearity index h 0 , corrected for unknown relationships [16][17][18], as well as the directional consistency index (electronic supplementary material, table S2). For significantly linear hierarchies, we calculated individual cardinal ranks, using normalized David's scores corrected for chance (electronic supplementary material; tables S1 and S2) [16,18]. Using regression plots of the rank scores, we divided the females into either high or low ranks, based on their position in the hierarchies (high: n ¼ 6; low: n ¼ 8).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female bonobos use copulation calls as social signals

et al. 2011

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During mating events, females of many primate species produce loud and distinct vocalizations known as ‘copulation calls’. The adaptive significance of these signals is considered to be in promoting the caller's direct reproductive success. Here, we investigated copulation calling in bonobos ( Pan paniscus ), a species in which females produce these vocalizations during sexual interactions with partners of both sexes. Females were more likely to call when mating with males than with females. We also observed a positive relationship between the likelihood of calling and partner rank, regardless of partner sex. Sexual activity generally increased with swelling size (an indicator of reproductive state) and, during their peak swelling, females called more with male than with female partners. Female bonobos are unusual among the non-human primates in terms of their heightened socio-sexuality. Our results suggest that in this species, copulation calls have undergone an evolutionary transition from a purely reproductive to a more general social function, reflecting the intrinsic evolutionary links between vocal behaviour and social cognition.

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“…Also, compared to females, male chimpanzees score lower on Conscientiousness, which has high negative loadings on traits, such as aggressive and impulsive (Weiss et al 2007;King et al 2008;Weiss & King 2015). Compared to the male dominated societies in chimpanzees Boesch-Acherman, 2000, Goodall, 1986), in bonobo societies females dominate males, but not all females are higher ranking than all males, a condition known as "partial female dominance" (Furuichi, 2011, Vervaecke et al, 2000a, Stevens et al, 2007, Surbeck and Hohmann, 2013. We therefore expect sex differences in bonobos to be the opposite of those found in chimpanzees for these two factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bonobo personality: Age and sex effects and links with behavior and dominance

Staes¹,

Eens²,

Weiss³

et al. 2017

Bonobos

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The study described in this chapter examines whether individual differences in six rating-based bonobo personality dimensions---Assertiveness, Conscientiousness, Openness, Attentiveness, Agreeableness, and Extraversion---are related to sex and age and behaviors and dominance. To these ends, the study tested predictions based on previous studies of human and chimpanzee personality, and bonobo behavior and socioecology. Sex and age differences in Assertiveness, Openness and Extraversion and correlations between these personality dimensions and behavior were consistent with our predictions.Conscientiousness showed associations with observed behaviors but requires further investigation as sex and age effects differed from those reported in humans and chimpanzees. Agreeableness and Attentiveness showed few associations with age, sex, and behaviors, indicating the need to further investigate validity of these factors. This study shows that personality dimensions in bonobos are correlated with sex, age and behaviors in ways that are consistent with what is known for bonobos and their socioecology.

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Sex Differences in the Steepness of Dominance Hierarchies in Captive Bonobo Groups

Cited by 69 publications

References 35 publications

The socioecology of Monk Parakeets: Insights into parrot social complexity

The socioecology of Monk Parakeets: Insights into parrot social complexity

Female bonobos use copulation calls as social signals

Bonobo personality: Age and sex effects and links with behavior and dominance

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