Sex differences in the relation of body composition to markers of inflammation

Thorand, Barbara; Baumert, Jens; Döring, Angela; Herder, Christian; Kolb, Hubert; Rathmann, Wolfgang; Giani, Guido; Köenig, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.04.011

Cited by 222 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

153

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Elsewhere, indices of central adiposity associate with inflammatory markers independently of measures of total adiposity. [26][27][28][29] Consistent with the study by Schutte et al, central adiposity relates more strongly to these markers in South Asians compared with European Caucasians. 29 There are several important limitations of observational studies that should be considered when interpreting their results.…”

supporting

confidence: 86%

Obesity, inflammatory markers and cardiovascular disease: distinguishing causality from confounding

Franks

2006

J Hum Hypertens

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

supporting

confidence: 86%

Obesity, inflammatory markers and cardiovascular disease: distinguishing causality from confounding

Franks

2006

J Hum Hypertens

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This finding does not preclude a role for adipocyte-expressed IL-18 in adipose tissue since higher concentrations, which are relevant for the cross-talk between adipocytes and infiltrating immune cells, might be reached locally. Furthermore, we did not find a sex difference in the relation between IL-18 and markers of body fat composition, whereas this has been demonstrated for C-reactive protein and other inflammatory mediators (5). We conclude that the reported impact of weight loss on IL-18 levels (3) is indirect, as long-term caloric restriction (3) can be assumed to attenuate systemic immune activation and therefore also reduce IL-18 in the circulation.…”

Section: David J DI Cesarcontrasting

confidence: 54%

Circulating Levels of Interleukin-18 Independent of Body Fat and Fat-Free Mass: Results from the MONICA/KORA study

Herder¹

2006

Diabetes Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report data from a pilot study examining vitamin D deficiency in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Serum 25-OH vitamin D (25-OH-D) levels were measured in type 1 (n ϭ 50) and type 2 diabetic (n ϭ 63) individuals at the time of their routine visits for diabetes management. Patients had no prior history of metabolic bone disease, vitamin D deficiency, parathyroid disease, malabsorption, or significant elevations of serum creatinine or liver enzymes. Most subjects (74.3%) were prescribed a daily multivitamin as part of their routine diabetes care, but none were taking additional supplements. Serum was obtained during "light" (April to September) and "dark" (October to March) months. Serum 25-OH-D levels were measured using a competitive protein-binding assay (Esoterix, Calabasas Hills, CA). Vitamin D levels were classified as deficient (0 -20 ng/ml) or expected (Ͼ20 ng/ml). Although 25-OH-D levels Ͼ32 ng/ml are optimal (1), levels Ն20 ng/ml are usually considered acceptable and are generally not treated in patients without metabolic bone disease.Type 1 diabetic individuals were significantly younger than those with type 2 diabetes ([mean Ϯ SE] 49.0 Ϯ 1.7 vs. 61.2 Ϯ 1.5 years, P Ͻ 0.001) and had a lower BMI (26.2 Ϯ 0.7 vs. 33.9 Ϯ 1.0 kg/m 2 , P Ͻ 0.001). The majority (63.5%) of the type 2 diabetic individuals were deficient compared with 36% of the type 1 diabetic patients. The unadjusted mean 25-OH-D level for type 2 diabetic patients was 17.1 Ϯ 1.2 ng/ml (P Ͻ 0.05) compared with 23.6 Ϯ 1.2 ng/ml for type 1 diabetes (P Ͻ 0.05). Of the patients who were deficient, most were prescribed multivitamins (72.2% of type 2 diabetes, 72.5% of type 1 diabetes). Most patients having serum 25-OH-D levels Ͼ20 ng/ml were also prescribed multivitamins (73.9% of type 2 diabetes, 78.1% type 1 diabetes). Serum was obtained with equivalent distribution in light and dark months among both groups.The 25-OH-D levels inversely correlated with BMI (P Ͻ 0.01) but were not directly related to age or sex. ANCOVA was used to compare 25-OH-D levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients while adjusting for BMI and age. As was noted in the unadjusted levels, significantly lower 25-OH-D levels were found in type 2 relative to type 1 diabetic patients (mean adjusted 25-OH-D 18.1 Ϯ 1.4 vs. 22.9 Ϯ 1.6 ng/ml, P Ͻ 0.001). Among type 2 diabetic patients, mean 25-OH-D level was similar in those taking insulin compared with those on oral hypoglycemic agents (mean 25-OH-D 17.6 Ϯ 1.6 and 16.8 Ϯ 1.5 ng/ml, respectively; P ϭ 0.73).Our findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency is more common in type 2 diabetes than in type 1 diabetes, unrelated to age, sex, or insulin treatment. Although higher BMI was associated with lower 25-OH-D levels, the difference in vitamin D levels between type 2 and type 1 diabetic individuals persisted after adjusting for BMI. This difference may be therapeutically significant in that mean vitamin D levels in type 2 diabetic patients were in the deficient range whereas mean levels in the type 1 diabetic patients reached the expected ...

show abstract

“…Impact of adiposity on associations between immunological variables and deterioration of glycaemia Since there is a complex bidirectional relationship between adiposity and subclinical inflammation [35,36] and since adiposity is the most dominant single risk factor of type 2 diabetes [37], the association between immunological variables and deterioration of glycaemic control cannot be investigated in a meaningful way without controlling for adiposity.…”

Section: Associations Between Immunological Variables and Deterioratimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, waist circumference and BMI do not cover all aspects of adiposity and do not exclude the possibility of adiposity-related residual confounding. Unfortunately, estimates of body fat (as a percentage or in kg) are only available for the KORA S4 study [35] and not for the follow-up KORA F4, which precluded the use of body fat content in the longitudinal analysis. Third, loss to follow-up (ESM Table 1) led to the study sample being slightly younger and healthier compared with the initial cohort of the KORA S4 study.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of subclinical inflammation with deterioration of glycaemia before the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: the KORA S4/F4 study

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims/hypothesis The role of biomarkers of subclinical inflammation in the early deterioration of glycaemia before type 2 diabetes is largely unknown. We hypothesised that increased levels of circulating proinflammatory biomarkers and decreased circulating adiponectin would be associated with 7 year increases of HbA 1c in non-diabetic individuals. Methods This study was based on individuals who participated in the prospective Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) S4 survey (1999)(2000)(2001) and the 7 year follow-up KORA F4 (2006-2008) survey. Individuals with type 2 diabetes at baseline or with a diagnosis of diabetes in the period between both surveys were excluded, which left a sample of 850 men and women. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to assess associations among baseline values of leucocyte count and levels of acute-phase proteins (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], serum amyloid A [SAA] and fibrinogen), IL-6 and adiponectin with changes in HbA 1c between baseline and follow-up. Results A high leucocyte count and high hsCRP, SAA and IL-6 levels were positively associated with changes in HbA 1c after adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle factors and baseline HbA 1c . In contrast, the adiponectin level was inversely associated with changes in HbA 1c (p value between <0.0001 and 0.020). The associations of leucocyte count and levels of hsCRP and SAA with HbA 1c changes remained significant after additional adjustment for waist circumference and circulating lipids at baseline and for the 7 year change in waist circumference (p value between 0.004 and 0.045).Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3679-4) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material, which is available to authorised users. Conclusions/interpretation An elevated leucocyte count and elevated hsCRP and SAA were associated with early deterioration of glycaemia before the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. These associations were largely independent of baseline abdominal adiposity and increases in waist circumference.

show abstract

Sex differences in the relation of body composition to markers of inflammation

Cited by 222 publications

References 28 publications

Obesity, inflammatory markers and cardiovascular disease: distinguishing causality from confounding

Obesity, inflammatory markers and cardiovascular disease: distinguishing causality from confounding

Circulating Levels of Interleukin-18 Independent of Body Fat and Fat-Free Mass: Results from the MONICA/KORA study

Association of subclinical inflammation with deterioration of glycaemia before the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: the KORA S4/F4 study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About