Sex differences in adolescent reactions toward newcomers.

Feshbach, Norma Deitch; Sones, Gittelle

doi:10.1037/h0030986

Cited by 65 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies using reports or observations of interpersonal interaction have found that boys tend to use physical aggression and that girls tend to use more subtle negative strategies such as social aggression, indirect aggression, and relational aggression [e.g., Cairns et al, 1989b;Feshbach and Sones, 1971;McNeilly-Choque et al, 1996]. Peer ratings of indirect aggression [e.g., Bjo¨rkqvist et al, 1992;Lagerspetz, et al, 1988] confirm these findings.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Various attempts have been made to understand such negative patterns. The concepts invoked include social aggression [Cairns et al, 1989b;Galen and Underwood, 1997], prosocial aggression [e.g., Sears, 1961], indirect aggression [Feshbach and Sones, 1971;Lagerspetz et al, 1988], and relational aggression [e.g., Crick and Grotpeter, 1995]. This longitudinal research attempts to clarify the concurrent correlates and developmental predictions of social aggression in females and males.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development of social aggression and physical aggression: A narrative analysis of interpersonal conflicts

Xie

Cairns

2002

Aggressive Behavior

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Using conflict narratives reported by children and adolescents, this study investigated the development and social functions of social aggression in comparison to physical aggression. A total of 510 participants in two cohorts of a longitudinal study were involved (116 girls and 104 boys from Grade 4 and155 girls and 135 boys from Grade 7). Patterns of social aggression and physical aggression were identified based on interview reports in the first year of the study. Results showed that a triadic structure of social relationship was often reported in conflicts where social aggression was employed, whereas a dyadic structure was reported in conflicts involving physical aggression. Girls tended to use social aggression against girls, whereas boys tended to use physical aggression against boys. Children and adolescents who were central in peer social networks were more likely to employ social aggression than those who were peripheral in the networks. Social aggression was not reliably linked to concurrent or future problematic adjustment. Physical aggression, however, was not related to network centrality but was linked to concurrent and future maladjustment (e.g., low academic competence and school dropout). Aggr. Behav. 28:341-355, 2002. r

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of social aggression and physical aggression: A narrative analysis of interpersonal conflicts

Xie

Cairns

2002

Aggressive Behavior

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“…Still others have argued that these three ''types'' of aggression are essentially the same construct [Bjorkqvist, 2001;Vaillancourt, 2005]; a conclusion supported in a recent review of this literature by Archer and Coyne [2005]. In this study, the term indirect aggression is used in recognition of the pioneering work conducted by Feshbach [1969Feshbach [ , 1971 and Lagerspetz et al [1988] and is not differentiated from relational aggression and social aggression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In fact, our current understanding of indirect aggression has centered on a limited number of variables that have, for the most part, been examined concurrently, and have converged on rather similar findings. These studies have shown that: (1) older children use indirect aggression more than younger children [e.g., Bjorkqvist, 1994;Bjorkqvist et al, 1992a,b;Lagerspetz et al, 1988], (2) those who use indirect aggression and fall victim to such attacks tend to suffer from a host of psychosocial adjustment problems [e.g., Crick et al, 1997Crick et al, , 1999aMcNeilly-Choque et al, 1996], and (3) females tend to use indirect aggression more than males, who in turn use physical aggression more than females [e.g., Bonica et al, 2003;Crick, 1995Crick, , 1996Crick et al, 1997Crick et al, , 1999aCrick and Grotpeter, 1995;Feshbach, 1969Feshbach, , 1971Lagerspetz et al, 1988;McNeilly-Choque et al, 1996;Ostrov and Keating, 2004;Tapper and Boulton, 2004]. Some researchers have reported no sex differences in the use of indirect aggression [Hart et al, 1998;Willoughby et al, 2001], or sex differences in favor of males [David and Kistner, 2000;Hennington et al, 1998;McEvoy et al, 2003;Salmivalli and Kaukianen, 2004;Tomada and Schneider, 1997].…”

Section: Correlates and Predictors Of Indirect Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories and predictors of indirect aggression: results from a nationally representative longitudinal study of Canadian children aged 2–10

Vaillancourt

Miller

Fagbemi

et al. 2007

Aggressive Behavior

182

139

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The purposes of this study were to model the development of indirect aggression among a nationally representative sample of 1,401 Canadian children aged 4 at T2, 6 at T3, 8 at T4 and 10 at T5, and to examine predictors of trajectory group membership from T1 (age 2) child, familial, and parenting variables. Using a semi-parametric group-based modeling approach, two distinct trajectories were identified: "increasing users" comprising of 35% of the sample and "stable low users" comprising of 65% of the sample. Using logistic regression analyses to distinguish these two groups, we found that for girls, more frequent, increasing use of indirect aggression was associated with prior prosocial and physically aggressive behavior, low SES and low parental social support at age 2. For boys, increasing use of indirect aggression was associated with prior parenting issues at age 2-inconsistency and less positive parent-child interactions. Although this study provides unique information regarding the early development of indirect aggression and its predictors, more longitudinal research is needed to fully understand its development.

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“…Experimentally, when pairs of same-sex American young adolescent friends were introduced systematically to a samesex newcomer, compared with boys, girls rated the newcomer less positively, took longer to speak to the newcomer and incorporated fewer of the newcomer's ideas [204]. Likewise, older rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Phil Trans R Soc B 368: 20130079 adolescent French Canadian girls were more likely than boys to use social exclusion in a computerized game [42], and Canadian girls reported being socially excluded more frequently than boys [65].…”

Section: (V) Use Social Exclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of human female competition: allies and adversaries

Benenson

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

116

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Throughout their lives, women provide for their own and their children's and grandchildren's needs and thus must minimize their risk of incurring physical harm. Alliances with individuals who will assist them in attaining these goals increase their probability of survival and reproductive success. High status in the community enhances access to physical resources and valuable allies. Kin, a mate, and affines share a mother's genetic interests, whereas unrelated women constitute primary competitors. From early childhood onwards, girls compete using strategies that minimize the risk of retaliation and reduce the strength of other girls. Girls' competitive strategies include avoiding direct interference with another girl's goals, disguising competition, competing overtly only from a position of high status in the community, enforcing equality within the female community and socially excluding other girls.

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Sex differences in adolescent reactions toward newcomers.

Cited by 65 publications

References 10 publications

The development of social aggression and physical aggression: A narrative analysis of interpersonal conflicts

The development of social aggression and physical aggression: A narrative analysis of interpersonal conflicts

Trajectories and predictors of indirect aggression: results from a nationally representative longitudinal study of Canadian children aged 2–10

The development of human female competition: allies and adversaries

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