Sex and depression

Bebbington, Paul

doi:10.1017/s0033291797006065

Cited by 171 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Our study also showed that females have a greater risk of showing DS 6 months after stroke than males, in line with most studies. Similarly, this finding has been consistently reported in subjects without brain damage, but it remains unclear whether the determinants of this sex difference are biological or social [42]. We did not find a relation between the location of the lesion and the presence of DS after 6 to 10 months.…”

Section: Gms Nys Et Al / Journal Of the Neurological Sciences XX supporting

confidence: 79%

Early cognitive impairment predicts long-term depressive symptoms and quality of life after stroke

Nys¹,

Zandvoort²,

Worp³

et al. 2006

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

258

198

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the predictive value of cognitive impairment in the acute phase after stroke as a risk factor for long-term (six to ten months after stroke) depressive symptoms (DS) and a reduced quality of life (QOL), independent of demographic and neurological predictors. Methods: We evaluated 143 patients within the first 3 weeks post-stroke. Predictor variables included domain-specific cognitive function, demographic data, vascular risk factors, lesion characteristics, and clinical factors. Predictor variables associated with long-term DS (Montgomery Å sberg Depression Rating Scale ! 7) and QOL (Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale) were identified with multiple logistic and linear regression. Results: Long-term DS were independently predicted by cognitive impairment at baseline, DS at baseline, female sex, diabetes mellitus, and previous TIA(s). Cognitive impairment, increasing age, and functional dependence predicted a reduced QOL, whereas hypercholesterolaemia predicted a better QOL. Among all cognitive disorders, unilateral neglect was the greatest risk factor for DS after 6 months, whereas a disorder in visual perception and construction affected QOL the most. Conclusions: Cognitive impairment and vascular risk factors are important predictors of long-term DS and QOL after stroke. The prognostic value of cognition suggests a reactive component in the development or continuation of long-term DS. D

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Section: Gms Nys Et Al / Journal Of the Neurological Sciences XX supporting

confidence: 79%

Early cognitive impairment predicts long-term depressive symptoms and quality of life after stroke

Nys¹,

Zandvoort²,

Worp³

et al. 2006

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

258

198

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to the epidemiology of depression in the DSM-IV [42], depression is twice as frequent in females as in males. The present study showed that depression was 3.1 times more frequent in female ESRD patients than in male patients, and these patients were more likely to be depressed compared with subjects in a previous study [43]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Hypertension – A Possible Vulnerability Marker for Depression in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

et al. 2005

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Objective:This study explored the association of hypertension and psychiatric morbidity in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) under adjusted personality characteristics and parental attachment. Methods: The mental health of 121 patients with ESRD in a general teaching hospital was evaluated using the 12-item version of the Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Only 40 males and 49 females completed all the questionnaires. Ten of the 40 males and 21 of the 49 females had high scores (≧4) and were allotted to the case group (n = 31). The remaining 58 patients constituted the control group (CHQ <4). Results: The logistic regression model showed that hypertension, gender, and neuroticism are statistically significant covariates. Hypertension, especially, was strongly associated with depressive vulnerability (odds ratio of hypertension versus without hypertension = 9.07:1). Structural equation modeling revealed that gender difference and hypertension directly influenced the individuals’ mental health status and that the influence of hypertension on mental health was highly variable. Conclusion:A parsimonious structural equation model provided considerable evidence that hypertension could have an important effect on depression in ESRD patients, when predisposing factors, such as personality characteristics and parental attachment, gender, duration of hemodialysis and other medical diseases were adjusted. Hence, hypertension might be a mediating factor of depressive vulnerability in ESRD patients underling genetic and environmental problems.

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“…La relevancia de los roles sociales en las diferencias de género en depresión ha sido apuntada desde hace décadas (cfrs. Bebbington, 1998) habiéndose reconocido que tales diferencias aumentan en el periodo adulto cuando mujeres y hombres experimentan las desigualdad en estatus que conlleva el género (Mirowsky, 1996). El surgimiento de diferencias en depresión y autoestima entre mujeres y hombres en la adultez es una cuestión que debería analizarse en profundidad en posteriores trabajos, ya que dicho conocimiento puede ser útil para el diseño de políticas y programas que propicien mayor igualdad de género y mayor bienestar para la ciudadanía.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Relevancia del estatus menopáusico en las diferencias en salud mental entre mujeres y hombres

et al. 2014

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Resumen: Se analizan las diferencias entre mujeres y hombres en autoestima y en sintomatología depresiva, de ansiedad y somática, estudiando la relevancia del estatus menopáusico y la edad en tales diferencias. Se utilizó un diseño transversal con una muestra de 1341 personas adultas (726 mujeres y 615 hombres) de la población general con diferentes edades, y estatus menopáusico en el caso de las mujeres, quienes respondieron al Cuestionario de Salud General de Goldberg y al Cuestionario de Autoestima de Rector y Roger. Se encontró que las mujeres tenían más síntomas somáti-cos y de ansiedad que los hombres. No se encontraron diferencias en función del género en depresión ni en autoestima entre los más jóvenes, pero a partir de los 40 años las mujeres tenían más síntomas depresivos y menor autoestima que los hombres con edades similares. Los análisis intragénero evidenciaron que los hombres más jóvenes tenían más sintomatología depresiva y menos autoestima que los de más de 40 años, diferencias intragrupo que no se observaron entre las mujeres. Solo se encontraron diferencias entre las mujeres en función del periodo menopáusico en sintomatología somática, que era mayor en las perimenopáusicas respecto a las premeno-páusicas. Se concluye que la menopausia tiene escasa relevancia en las diferencias de género en salud mental. Palabras clave: género; menopausia; ansiedad; depresión; sintomatología somática; autoestima.Title: Relevance of menopausal status in mental health differences between women and men. Abstract: The objective of this study is to examine differences between men and women in self-esteem and depressive, somatic and anxiety symptoms when studying the relevance of menopausal status and age in such differences. Research design was a cross-sectional survey of a general population sample of 1341 (n = 726 women and n = 615 men) adults of different ages and, in the case of women, with different menopausal status. Participants responded to Goldberg General Health Questionnaire and Rector and Roger Self-esteem questionnaire. Results showed that women had more anxiety and somatic symptoms than men. Gender differences in depressive symptoms and self-esteem were not found in younger participants, although women over 40 showed more depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem than men of similar ages. Intra-gender analysis indicated that younger men had more depressive symptoms and less self-esteem than those over 40, whereas these differences were not observed in the women sample. Differences among women were only observed in relation with their diverse menopausal status in somatic symptoms, these latter being greater in perimenopausal than in premenopausal women. These results make clear that menopause has little relevance in gender differences in mental health.

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Sex and depression

Cited by 171 publications

References 88 publications

Early cognitive impairment predicts long-term depressive symptoms and quality of life after stroke

Early cognitive impairment predicts long-term depressive symptoms and quality of life after stroke

Hypertension – A Possible Vulnerability Marker for Depression in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

Relevancia del estatus menopáusico en las diferencias en salud mental entre mujeres y hombres

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