Severe Yellowing Outbreaks in Tomato in Spain Associated with Infections of Tomato chlorosis virus

Abstract

Since 1997, yellowing disease outbreaks have occurred in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops in southern Spain. The outbreaks were associated with high populations of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Symptoms consisted mainly of interveinal yellowing that developed initially on lower leaves and then progressed to the upper part of the plant. Affected plants were less vigorous and yielded less due to reduced fruit growth and delayed ripening. During 1998 and 1999, the yellowing disease was widespread and occurred at high incidences in the Málaga province. The disease agent was readily transmissible from tomato to tomato by B. tabaci biotype Q. Samples from symptomatic tomato plants were analyzed and shown to be infected with Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae). This is the first report of ToCV epidemics in Europe.

DETEKSI MOLEKULER PENYEBAB PENYAKIT KUNING (Tomato chlorosis virus DAN Tomato infectious chlorosis virus) PADA TANAMAN TOMAT (MOLECULAR DETECTION CAUSED YELLOWING DISEASE (Tomato chlorosis virus AND Tomato infectious chlorosis virus) ON TOMATOES)

“…Di dalam upaya peningkatan produksinya sering mengalami kendala yang disebabkan penyakit, salah satunya penyakit kuning yang disebabkan oleh Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV; Duffus et al, 1996) dan Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV; Wisler et al, 1998b) anggota dari genus Crinivirus, famili Closteroviridae yang ditularkan kutu kebul (Wintermantel, 2004). ToCV telah menyebabkan epidemik di Eropa dan outbreak pada tanaman tomat di Provinsi Malaga dan Almeria, Spanyol bagian selatan dengan kejadian infeksi lebih dari 30% (Navas-Castillo et al, 2000). TICV telah menyebabkan kehilangan hasil mencapai 2 juta USD di Calfornia, Amerika Serikat (Wisler et al, 1997).…”

Detección de crinivirus y begomovirus en plántulas de tomate y arvenses asociadas a semilleros

“…Fue descrito por primera vez en Estados Unidos (Wisler et al, 1998), pero hoy en día está presente en Europa, Medio Oriente, África, el Sureste de Asia y América Latina (Navas-Castillo et al, 2011), incluyendo Costa Rica (Castro et al, 2009). Se distingue de otros crinivirus, porque es transmitido por diferentes especies de moscas blancas, tales como Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Bemisia tabaci (anteriormente MED o biotipo Q), B. argentifolii (anteriormente MEAM1 o biotipo B) y B. inconspicua (anteriormente NW o biotipo A) (Navas-Castillo et al, 2000;Wintermantel y Wisler, 2006;Boykin, 2014;Polston et al, 2014).…”

Corrigenda

“…Total RNA was extracted and analyzed by RT-PCR. First, the degenerate primers MA59/MA60 were used for amplification of a 587 bp fragment of the HSP70 gene of Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) (Navas-Castillo et al ., 2000). A fragment of the expected size was amplified in 10% of the tomato samples.…”