Severe loss of right ventricular longitudinal contraction occurs after cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with preserved right ventricular output

Perioperative Course of Three-Dimensional–Derived Right Ventricular Strain in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Prospective, Observational, Pilot Trial

“…Second, 3D-RV FWS did not change significantly after sternotomy in the present study's population. This observation was in accordance with published data on 2D-RV FWS 26 and with measurements of the other evaluated parameters of RV function in the present study's patients, which also did not change. The authors are unaware of any other published data regarding this issue.…”

“…This was an unexpected finding because the authors had expected 3D-RV EF and RV FAC to change similarly because this had been reported in existing literature. [25][26][27] Tamborini et al 5 observed a decline of the longitudinal 2D parameter of RV function (TAPSE, RV S), whereas 3D-RV EF remained unchanged, measured with TTE before surgery and three months after surgery. This NOTE.…”

Acute changes of global and longitudinal right ventricular function: an exploratory analysis in patients undergoing open-chest mitral valve surgery, percutaneous mitral valve repair and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

“…Over the last few decades, there has been substantial debate regarding RV contraction patterns and their alterations during RV stress [23]. In the setting of cardiac surgery, various studies have focused on the adaptive mechanisms regarding RV contraction after sternotomy, pericardiotomy, cardioplegia and cardiopulmonary bypass [7,[10][11][12]. Intraoperative TEE is known to have the potential to have a major impact on surgical decisionmaking [24].…”

“…In recent years, longitudinal RV functiondescribing the isolated contribution of baso-apical shortening to pressure generation and volume ejectionhas been identified as an essential contributor to RV function in various conditions [2][3][4][5][6]. To date, heterogeneous data regarding global and longitudinal RV function after adult cardiac surgery exist but the available data point to a change in the sense of maintaining global but decreasing longitudinal function [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Although two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography is widely used for these analyses, 3D echocardiography is advantageous considering the complex geometry and heterogeneous myocardial deformation patterns of the right ventricle when compared to cardiac magnetic resonance [14].…”

Clinical and perioperative applications of three-dimensional echocardiography

“…Though 3D RV evaluation is feasible, there remains few intraoperative RV 3D imaging studies to date, and those that exist performed analyses off-line. Of note, a recent article by Grønlykke and colleagues comparing 2D and 3D indices of RV function found that 3D evaluation of RV stroke volume correlated with RV pulmonary artery catheter derived cardiac output [33] . Nevertheless, as 3D evaluation of the RV becomes more efficient, it is expected to be incorporated to the intraoperative workflow.…”