Several blood and circulatory changes in the hibernation of the 13-lined ground squirrel, Citellus tridecemlineatus

Cytokine and Antioxidant Regulation in the Intestine of the Gray Mouse Lemur ( Microcebus Murinus ) During Torpor

“…Studies on little brown bats have demonstrated the susceptibility of this species to white nose disease during hibernation, suggesting a depressed or unresponsive systemic immune response [17–23] . A similar immune suppression response has been seen in the 13-lined ground squirrel, which can enter torpor for a period of 6–40 days [6,24–27] . Hibernating squirrels displayed lower numbers of circulating leukocytes and proliferative splenic T-cells and were unable to respond to injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [25–27] .…”

“…A similar immune suppression response has been seen in the 13-lined ground squirrel, which can enter torpor for a period of 6–40 days [6,24–27] . Hibernating squirrels displayed lower numbers of circulating leukocytes and proliferative splenic T-cells and were unable to respond to injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [25–27] . Indeed, one proposal for the function of interbout arousals in hibernators is that they serve to initiate or restore optimal immune system function for the purposes of dealing with potential pathogenic threats that may be encountered during hibernation [26] .…”

Cytokine and Antioxidant Regulation in the Intestine of the Gray Mouse Lemur ( Microcebus Murinus ) During Torpor

“…Studies on little brown bats have demonstrated the susceptibility of this species to white nose disease during hibernation, suggesting a depressed or unresponsive systemic immune response [17–23] . A similar immune suppression response has been seen in the 13-lined ground squirrel, which can enter torpor for a period of 6–40 days [6,24–27] . Hibernating squirrels displayed lower numbers of circulating leukocytes and proliferative splenic T-cells and were unable to respond to injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [25–27] .…”

“…A similar immune suppression response has been seen in the 13-lined ground squirrel, which can enter torpor for a period of 6–40 days [6,24–27] . Hibernating squirrels displayed lower numbers of circulating leukocytes and proliferative splenic T-cells and were unable to respond to injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [25–27] . Indeed, one proposal for the function of interbout arousals in hibernators is that they serve to initiate or restore optimal immune system function for the purposes of dealing with potential pathogenic threats that may be encountered during hibernation [26] .…”

Blood and serum analyses of cold‐exposed chipmunks

“……”

Local Cerebral Blood Flow during Hibernation, a Model of Natural Tolerance to “Cerebral Ischemia”

“…Clearly, hibernation is different from simple hypothermia and must involve active regulation. Active regulation may also be suggested by the rapid, massive, and fully reversible reduction of cir culating white blood cells and platelets during en trance into hibernation reported here and observed by others (Lechler and Penick, 1963;Spurrier and Dawe, 1973). This may constitute one of the mech anisms to adapt to this low-flow state, since neutro phils and macrophages have been shown to partic ipate in the propagation of damage following central nervous system (CNS) ischemia (Hallenbeck et aI.…”

Cytokine and Antioxidant Regulation in the Intestine of the Gray Mouse Lemur ( Microcebus Murinus ) During Torpor

“…Studies on little brown bats have demonstrated the susceptibility of this species to white nose disease during hibernation, suggesting a depressed or unresponsive systemic immune response [17–23] . A similar immune suppression response has been seen in the 13-lined ground squirrel, which can enter torpor for a period of 6–40 days [6,24–27] . Hibernating squirrels displayed lower numbers of circulating leukocytes and proliferative splenic T-cells and were unable to respond to injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [25–27] .…”

“…A similar immune suppression response has been seen in the 13-lined ground squirrel, which can enter torpor for a period of 6–40 days [6,24–27] . Hibernating squirrels displayed lower numbers of circulating leukocytes and proliferative splenic T-cells and were unable to respond to injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [25–27] . Indeed, one proposal for the function of interbout arousals in hibernators is that they serve to initiate or restore optimal immune system function for the purposes of dealing with potential pathogenic threats that may be encountered during hibernation [26] .…”

Blood and serum analyses of cold‐exposed chipmunks

“……”

Local Cerebral Blood Flow during Hibernation, a Model of Natural Tolerance to “Cerebral Ischemia”

“…Clearly, hibernation is different from simple hypothermia and must involve active regulation. Active regulation may also be suggested by the rapid, massive, and fully reversible reduction of cir culating white blood cells and platelets during en trance into hibernation reported here and observed by others (Lechler and Penick, 1963;Spurrier and Dawe, 1973). This may constitute one of the mech anisms to adapt to this low-flow state, since neutro phils and macrophages have been shown to partic ipate in the propagation of damage following central nervous system (CNS) ischemia (Hallenbeck et aI.…”

Cytokine and Antioxidant Regulation in the Intestine of the Gray Mouse Lemur ( Microcebus Murinus ) During Torpor

“…Studies on little brown bats have demonstrated the susceptibility of this species to white nose disease during hibernation, suggesting a depressed or unresponsive systemic immune response [17–23] . A similar immune suppression response has been seen in the 13-lined ground squirrel, which can enter torpor for a period of 6–40 days [6,24–27] . Hibernating squirrels displayed lower numbers of circulating leukocytes and proliferative splenic T-cells and were unable to respond to injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [25–27] .…”

“…A similar immune suppression response has been seen in the 13-lined ground squirrel, which can enter torpor for a period of 6–40 days [6,24–27] . Hibernating squirrels displayed lower numbers of circulating leukocytes and proliferative splenic T-cells and were unable to respond to injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [25–27] . Indeed, one proposal for the function of interbout arousals in hibernators is that they serve to initiate or restore optimal immune system function for the purposes of dealing with potential pathogenic threats that may be encountered during hibernation [26] .…”

Blood and serum analyses of cold‐exposed chipmunks

“……”

Local Cerebral Blood Flow during Hibernation, a Model of Natural Tolerance to “Cerebral Ischemia”

“…Clearly, hibernation is different from simple hypothermia and must involve active regulation. Active regulation may also be suggested by the rapid, massive, and fully reversible reduction of cir culating white blood cells and platelets during en trance into hibernation reported here and observed by others (Lechler and Penick, 1963;Spurrier and Dawe, 1973). This may constitute one of the mech anisms to adapt to this low-flow state, since neutro phils and macrophages have been shown to partic ipate in the propagation of damage following central nervous system (CNS) ischemia (Hallenbeck et aI.…”