Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase Concentration Predicts Endothelial Dysfunction in Naïve Hypertensive Patients

Abstract

Background: Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) is recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CV). Traditional cardiovascular risk factors mediate endothelial dysfunction. Aim: to evaluate a possible correlation between serum γ-GT and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in naïve hypertensives. Methods: We enrolled 500 hypertensives. Endothelial function was studied by strain-gauge plethysmography. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the predictive value of γ-GT and to identify the optimal cut-off value of the same variable for endothelial dysfunction. Results: At univariate linear analysis peak percent increase in acetylcholine (ACh)-stimulated vasodilation was inversely related to γ-GT (r = −0.587), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (r = −0.559), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (r = −0.464), age (r = −0.171), body mass index (BMI) (r = −0.152), and fasting glucose (r = −101). In the stepwise multivariate regression model, endothelium-dependent vasodilation was significantly related to γ-GT (β = −0.362), ALT (β = −0.297), AST (β = −0.217), estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) (β = 0.199), gender (β = 0.166), and smoking (β = −0.061). The ROC analysis demonstrated that the accuracy of γ-GT for identifying patients with endothelial dysfunction was 82.1%; the optimal γ-GT cut-off value for discriminating patients with this alteration was 27 UI/L. Conclusions: Serum γ-GT values, within the normal range, are significantly associated with endothelial dysfunction in hypertensives, and may be considered a biomarker of early vascular damage.

Prediabetes Increases the Risk of Frailty in Prefrail Older Adults With Hypertension: Beneficial Effects of Metformin

“…It contributes to endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and dysregulated sympathetic nervous system activity, all of which play significant roles in the pathogenesis of hypertension. 29–38 Mounting evidence suggests a strong association between insulin resistance and cognitive decline; chronic exposure to insulin resistance is linked to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired insulin signaling in the brain, leading to cognitive impairments such as reduced executive function, memory deficits, and an increased risk of dementia. 39–41 In addition to cognitive decline, insulin resistance also contributes to physical impairments commonly observed in hypertensive individuals, including endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, obesity, and an overall increased risk of cardiovascular events.…”

A Prediction Equation to Estimate Vascular Endothelial Function in Different Body Mass Index Populations

“…AST is generally considered a marker of myocardium and liver damage. Perticone et al reported that AST was closely related to the endothelial function, as evaluated by strain-gauge plethysmography, in both univariate linear analysis and a stepwise multivariate regression model ( 41 ). This is consistent with our study.…”

Sulfur-containing amino acids and their metabolite derivatives in women with climacteric syndrome in post-menopause

“…Одной из основных функций GSH явля-ется перенос аминокислот в клетку с помощью γ-глутамилтрансферазы (GGT), в результате вне клетки остаётся дипептид -цистеинилглицин (CysGly), который под действием дипептидаз может расщепляется до аминокислот [1]. Показано, что сывороточная GGT является фактором риска развития сердечно-cоcудистых заболеваний [14,15], что может быть связано с увеличением концентрации продукта реакции -цистеинил-глицина (CysGly). CysGly, в силу наличия SH группы, участвует в превращении Fe 3+ в Fe 2+ и таким образом провоцирует формирование оксидантного стресса.…”

“…Следствием этого является, например, рост окисленной формы липопротеидов низкой плотности и активация воспалительных процессов, т.е. атерогенез [14,15]. У женщин I группы уровень CysGly был на 23,2% (р<0,001 выше результата II группы и в 1,8 раза выше показателей группы контроля (р<0,001).…”

“…Так, у пациенток с естественной менопаузой медиана концентрации глутатионабыла на 16,2% ниже, чем в контрольной группе (p<0,05), а у пациенток с хирургической менопаузой -на 26,7% ниже (p<0,001). Такие изменения вполне соответствуют ситуации с повышенной активностью γ-глутамилтрансферазы, которая обычно наблюдается при различных неблагоприятных условиях, сопровождающихся оксидантным стрессом [14,15].…”