Serum symmetric dimethylarginine and creatinine in Birman cats compared with cats of other breeds

Paltrinieri, Saverio; Giraldi, Marco; Prolo, Amanda; Scarpa, P.; Piseddu, Eleonora; Beccati, Massimo; Graziani, Benedetta; Bò, Stefano

doi:10.1177/1098612x17734066

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…One study has suggested that SDMA may be a more accurate reflection of renal function in Birman cats than creatinine concentration although direct GFR and renal imaging were not performed (Paltrinieri et al . 2018). A recent study comparing serum SDMA concentrations in clinically healthy greyhounds to that in other breeds, concluded that greyhounds have significantly higher mean serum SDMA concentrations compared to dogs of other breeds (13.1 and 10.2 μg/dL, respectively) (Liffman et al .…”

Section: Non‐renal Influences On Symmetric Dimethylarginine (Specificmentioning

confidence: 99%

The new age of renal biomarkers: does SDMAsolve all of our problems?

Sargent

Elliott

Jepson

2020

J of Small Animal Practice

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Within clinical small animal practice, diagnosis of both chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury is common. To assess renal function, measurement of glomerular filtration rate is considered the gold standard. Currently, routine tests of kidney function include surrogate markers of glomerular filtration rate such as serum creatinine, and urea, each with their own limitations, whilst urine protein to creatinine ratio gives an indication of glomerular and tubular handling of protein, and urine specific gravity information about urine concentrating ability by the kidney. These parameters are used together with historical and physical examination data to give a diagnosis of kidney disease following which creatinine, proteinuria and blood pressure are used to stage chronic kidney disease and, together with urine output, grade acute kidney injury according to the International Renal Interest Society. However, there has been much concern that creatinine is insensitive when used to indicate early decline in renal function and this has highlighted the need for additional methods of diagnosing and monitoring these patients, with the potential to allow earlier therapeutic intervention. Symmetric dimethylarginine is a novel biomarker, which has been shown to perform as a surrogate marker of glomerular filtration rate in small animals. This article will review current research on symmetric dimethylarginine and the ways in which it may be utilised in small animal practice; current research supports the use of symmetric dimethylarginine as a screening test for detection of early chronic kidney disease according to International Renal Interest Society guidelines, but further research is required in to the usefulness of symmetric dimethylarginine as a tool for monitoring disease and the effect of non‐renal influences.

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Section: Non‐renal Influences On Symmetric Dimethylarginine (Specificmentioning

confidence: 99%

The new age of renal biomarkers: does SDMAsolve all of our problems?

Sargent

Elliott

Jepson

2020

J of Small Animal Practice

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“…Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), a new biomarker for the early detection of kidney dysfunction, is routinely used in human and small animal medicine. SDMA is an endogenous methylated form of the arginine that is released into circulation during normal protein catabolism [ 11 ]. Ninety percent of SDMA is excreted by the kidneys into urine in an unchanged form [ 12 – 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration in healthy horses and horses with acute kidney injury

et al. 2020

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Background There are limited options to diagnose acute kidney injury (AKI) in horses. Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is routinely used in human and small animal medicine. The aim of this study was to assess serum SDMA concentrations in healthy horses and horses with AKI. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of: 1) age, 2) sex, 3) body weight and 4) serum creatinine and urea levels on serum SDMA concentrations. Fifty-three healthy horses, including 17 foals (2–6 months of age) and 36 adult horses (3–29 years of age), and 23 horses with AKI were included in the study based on history, physical examination, blood analysis, urinalysis and an ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract. Serum SDMA concentrations were measured using a non-species specific commercial ELISA test. Results In healthy adult horses, the value of SDMA was 0.53 ± 0.14 μmol/L. The value was higher in foals (1.5 ± 0.4 μmol/L, P < 0.001). Horses with AKI had significantly higher concentrations of SDMA compared to healthy horses (1.76 ± 1.05 μmol/L, P < 0.001). In the healthy adult horses, there was no association of sex, age or body weight on SDMA. However, a significant positive relationship was found between serum creatinine and SDMA concentrations. Conclusions Healthy adult horses had SDMA values similar to those of other species. Foals had higher SDMA values. Therefore, different reference values should be created for them. The study confirmed an increased SDMA in horses with AKI. This, as well as the low influence of extrarenal factors on the SDMA values, may confirm its usefulness in the diagnosis of kidney dysfunction. Higher SDMA values may also indicate a more advanced degree of kidney dysfunction. Further research is required to determine whether SDMA could be used to detect kidney dysfunction in the asymptomatic stage of AKI.

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“…SDMA, a biomarker enabling early detection of impaired kidney function, is routinely used in human and companion animal medicine. It is an endogenous methylated arginine released into the bloodstream during normal protein catabolism [22]. Physiologically, 90% of SDMA is excreted in an unchanged form with urine [19,23,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in horses have attempted to evaluate renal function by analysis of the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa), urine γ-glutamyl transpeptidase to creatinine ratio (GGT:Crea), as well as cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels, but with inconsistent results [8,[16][17][18]. Studies in human and companion animals, on the other hand, assessed multiple serum and urinary parameters as potential AKI biomarkers, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) being the most common [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. SDMA levels have previously been determined in healthy adult horses and in neonatal foals [26][27][28] but only one study has assessed SDMA in horses with kidney dysfunction; however a different diagnostic test was used [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting acute kidney injury in horses by measuring the concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine in serum

2021

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Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) in horses may develop as a complication of a primary disease or following the administration of nephrotoxic drugs, and may pose a diagnostic challenge. Hence, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations and diagnostic significance of serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and conventional renal dysfunction biomarkers in healthy horses, horses at risk of developing AKI, and horses with clinically evident AKI. A second aim was to assess how gastrointestinal disease and exposure to potentially nephrotoxic drugs affected SDMA levels. Thirty healthy horses, 30 horses with gastrointestinal disease and/or receiving phenylbutazone or gentamicin (risk group) and 11 horses with AKI were included in the study. Serum SDMA levels were measured using commercially available enzyme immunoassay tests. Results SDMA levels in healthy horses, horses at risk of AKI and horses with AKI were 12 µg/dL (11–14), 12 µg/dL (11–13) and 20 µg/dL (20–37), respectively (all results presented as a median (quartile 1–quartile 3)). There was a significant difference in SDMA concentration between the healthy horses and those with AKI, whereas the SDMA levels in healthy horses and those at risk of AKI were comparable. A SDMA cut-off value of 19 µg/dL was established. Horses from the risk group had higher urine protein concentration and urine protein to creatinine ratio compared with healthy horses. Furthermore, horses with colic from the risk group presented with elevated urine γ-glutamyl transpeptidase to creatinine ratio. Conclusion The SDMA cut-off value established in healthy horses was higher than previously reported. The SDMA level correlated with the azotaemia levels. Horses from the AKI risk group had normal SDMA levels but single urine parameters was abnormal indicating their higher sensitivity in assessing subclinical kidney dysfunction.

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Serum symmetric dimethylarginine and creatinine in Birman cats compared with cats of other breeds

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

The new age of renal biomarkers: does SDMAsolve all of our problems?

The new age of renal biomarkers: does SDMAsolve all of our problems?

Serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration in healthy horses and horses with acute kidney injury

Detecting acute kidney injury in horses by measuring the concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine in serum

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