Serum magnesium and the prevalence of peripheral artery disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study

Sun, Xiaochuan; Zhuang, Xiaodong; Huo, Mengjuan; Feng, Pinning; Zhang, Shaozhao; Zhong, Xiangbin; Zhou, Huimin; Guo, Yang; Hu, Xun; Du, Zhimin; Zhang, Meifen; Liao, Xinxue

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.004

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The absence of associations between magnesium intake and all markers of vascular structure and function in this cohort contradicts the more established association between dietary magnesium intake and CVD and mortality observed in systematic reviews and meta-analyses [ 3 – 7 ]. Similarly, these results are not in line with the mainly confirmative studies of serum magnesium concentrations in relation to vascular outcomes [ 16 – 20 , 56 , 57 ]. These inconsistencies could be explained in several ways.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Magnesium intake and vascular structure and function: the Hoorn Study

et al. 2021

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Purpose Circulating and dietary magnesium have been shown to be inversely associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in both high and low-risk populations. We aimed to examine the association between dietary magnesium intake and several measures of vascular structure and function in a prospective cohort. Methods We included 789 participants who participated in the vascular screening sub-cohort of the Hoorn Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study. Baseline dietary magnesium intake was estimated with a validated food frequency questionnaire and categorised in energy-adjusted magnesium intake tertiles. Several measurements of vascular structure and function were performed at baseline and most measurements were repeated after 8 years of follow-up (n = 432). Multivariable linear and logistic regression was performed to study the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of magnesium intake and intima-media thickness (IMT), augmentation index (Aix), pulse wave velocity (PWV), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Results Mean absolute magnesium intake was 328 ± 83 mg/day and prior CVD and DM2 was present in 55 and 41% of the participants, respectively. Multivariable regression analyses did not demonstrate associations between magnesium intake and any of the vascular outcomes. Participants in the highest compared to the lowest magnesium intake tertile demonstrated in fully adjusted cross-sectional analyses a PWV of −0.21 m/s (95% confidence interval −1.95, 1.52), a FMD of −0.03% (−0.89, 0.83) and in longitudinal analyses an IMT of 0.01 mm (−0.03, 0.06), an Aix of 0.70% (−1.69, 3.07) and an odds ratio of 0.84 (0.23, 3.11) for PAD Conclusion We did not find associations between dietary magnesium intake and multiple markers of vascular structure and function, in either cross-sectional or longitudinal analyses.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Magnesium intake and vascular structure and function: the Hoorn Study

et al. 2021

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“…Later on, during the 1990s, different studies in patients showed that lower Mg plasma concentrations were associated with atherosclerosis [ 21 ], and that Mg supplementation lowered plasma cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride concentrations [ 22 , 23 ]. Recent studies also found an inverse correlation between Mg levels, carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) [ 24 , 25 ] and peripheral artery disease [ 26 , 27 ], while many epidemiological studies and clinical trials reported Mg as a key player in cardiovascular health [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], even in hemodialysis patients [ 32 ]. However, randomized clinical trials with Mg supplementation have yielded conflicting results [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium Levels Modify the Effect of Lipid Parameters on Carotid Intima Media Thickness

et al. 2020

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Classical risk factors of atherosclerosis in the general population show paradoxical effects in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Thus, low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels have been associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes. Magnesium (Mg) is a divalent cation whose homeostasis is altered in CKD. Furthermore, Mg levels have been associated with cardiovascular health. The present study aims to understand the relationships of Mg and lipid parameters with atherosclerosis in CKD. In this analysis, 1754 participants from the Observatorio Nacional de Atherosclerosis en Nefrologia (NEFRONA) cohort were included. Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) was determined in six arterial territories, and associated factors were investigated by linear regression. cIMT correlated positively with being male, Caucasian, a smoker, diabetic, hypertensive, dyslipidemic and with increased age, BMI, and triglyceride levels, and negatively with levels of HDL cholesterol. First-order interactions in linear regression analysis showed that Mg was an effect modifier on the influence of lipidic parameters. Thus, cIMT predicted values were higher when triglycerides or LDL levels were high and Mg levels were low. On the contrary, when Mg levels were high, this effect disappeared. In conclusion, Mg acts as an effect modifier between lipidic parameters and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Therefore, Mg levels, together with lipidic parameters, should be taken into account when assessing atherosclerotic risk.

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“… 2–4 Our previous studies further demonstrated that new factors such as serum magnesium, cadmium and C reactive protein were associated with the incidence of lower-extremity PAD. 5 6 Hyperglycemia is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, less attention was paid to the role of normal blood glucose in the process of lower-extremity PAD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term tracking of fasting blood glucose variability and peripheral artery disease in people without diabetes

Zeng

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2020

BMJ Open Diab Res Care

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IntroductionLong-term changes of fasting blood glucose (FBG) in relation to lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (lower-extremity PAD) in people without diabetes has barely been reported. Our study aimed to investigate the association between FBG variability and the incidence of lower-extremity PAD in people without diabetes.Research design and methodsWe included 7699 participants without prior lower-extremity PAD and diabetes from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study in the final analysis. At least two measurements of FBG were required during follow-up. Variability of FBG was identified using SD, coefficient of variation (CV), variability independent of the mean (VIM) and average real variability. Lower-extremity PAD was defined as an ankle brachial index <0.9, or hospitalization with a lower-extremity PAD diagnosis. Cox regression model was used to calculate HR for incidence of lower-extremity PAD and FBG variability.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 19.5 years, 504 (6.5 %) lower-extremity PAD events were observed, 54.4% (n=274) were male, and 17.5% (n=88) were African-American. FBG variability was positively associated with incident lower-extremity PAD, with a linear relationship. HRs for CV and VIM were 1.015 (95% CI: 1.001 to 1.03; p=0.023), and 1.032 (95% CI: 1.004 to 1.06; p=0.022) for lower-extremity PAD, respectively. Participants in the lowest quartile of CV were at lower lower-extremity PAD risk compared with the highest ones (HR: 1.499, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.938; p=0.002).ConclusionsHigher FBG variability was independently associated with increased prevalence of lower-extremity PAD in people without diabetes.Trial registration numberNCT00005131.

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Serum magnesium and the prevalence of peripheral artery disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Magnesium intake and vascular structure and function: the Hoorn Study

Magnesium intake and vascular structure and function: the Hoorn Study

Magnesium Levels Modify the Effect of Lipid Parameters on Carotid Intima Media Thickness

Long-term tracking of fasting blood glucose variability and peripheral artery disease in people without diabetes

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