Serum Levels of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and TNF- in Patients with COVID-19 and Its Relation to Disease Severity

Ramadan, Amira E.; Azab, Marwa S.; Abdelmaksoud, Abeer E.; Mohammad, Etemad A.; Amin, Nashwa A.; Allam, Amira H.; Eldsouky, Samah Mahmoud; Shahat, Amany K.

doi:10.21608/ejhm.2022.248721

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Ramadan et al investigated the cytokine profile in patients with COVID-19 and found a correlation between it and the severity of the disease as determined by the CO-RADS score. They discovered that the level of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and CO-RADS score were significantly positively correlated [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between Cytokine Levels and Pulmonary Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study

Kazafy

Fouad

Said

et al. 2022

JPM

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Aim: The study aimed to assess the relationships between serum cytokine levels and pulmonary dysfunctions in individuals with COVID-19. These correlations may help to suggest strategies for prevention and therapies of coronavirus disease. Patients and methods: Fifty healthy participants and one hundred COVID-19 patients participated in this study. COVID-19 participants were subdivided into moderate and severe groups based on the severity of their symptoms. In both patients and healthy controls, white blood cells (WBCs) and lymphocytes counts and serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-35 levels were estimated. All the patients were examined by chest computed tomography (CT) and the COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) score was assessed. Results: All COVID-19 patients had increased WBCs count and CRP, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-35 serum levels than healthy controls. Whereas WBCs, CRP, and cytokines like IL-6 showed significantly higher levels in the severe group as compared to moderate patients, IL-4, IL-35, and IL-18 showed comparable levels in both disease groups. Lymphocytes count in all patient groups exhibited a significant decrease as compared to the heathy controls and it was significantly lower in severe COVID-19 than moderate. Furthermore, CO-RADS score was positively connected with WBCs count as well as CRP and cytokine (IL-35, IL-18, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-1β) levels in both groups. CO-RADS score, also demonstrated a positive correlation with lymphocytes count in the moderate COVID-19 patients, whereas it demonstrated a negative correlation in the severe patients. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that IL-1β, IL-4, IL-18, and IL-35 were fair (acceptable) predictors for COVID-19 in moderate cases. Whereas IL-6 was good predictor of COVID-19 in severe cases (AUC > 0.800), IL-18 and IL-35 were fair. Conclusion: Severe COVID-19 patients, compared to individuals with moderate illness and healthy controls, had lower lymphocyte counts and increased CRP with greater WBCs counts. In contrast to moderate COVID-19 patients, severe COVID-19 patients had higher levels of IL-6, but IL-4, IL-18, and IL-35 between both illness categories were at close levels. IL-6 level was the most potent predictor of COVID-19 progress and severity. CO-RADS 5 was the most frequent category in both moderate and severe cases. Patients with a typical CO-RADS involvement had a higher CRP and cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, IL-18, and IL-35) levels and WBCs count with a lower lymphocyte number than the others. Cytokine and CRP levels as well as WBCs and lymphocyte counts were considered surrogate markers of severe lung affection and pneumonia in COVID 19 patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between Cytokine Levels and Pulmonary Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study

Kazafy

Fouad

Said

et al. 2022

JPM

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“…In Covid-19, ED (a hallmark of the disease) and activation of adhesion molecules trigger the progression of immunothrombosis and the development of critical complications (Bonaventura et al 2021 ; Al-kuraishy et al 2020a , b). The increasing level of ICAM-1, GDF-15, and YKL-40 is associated with poor clinical outcomes in Covid-19 patients (Babalghith Al-kuraishy et al 2022a , b; Ramadan et al 2022 ; Sharma et al 2020 ). Of note, Covid-19 leads to the induction of fibrotic remodeling secondary to lobar micro-ischemia with the development of fibrotic interstitial changes.…”

Section: Tirzepatide and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential role of tirzepatide towards Covid-19 infection in diabetic patients: a perspective approach

et al. 2023

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In Covid-19, variations in fasting blood glucose are considered a distinct risk element for a bad prognosis and outcome in Covid-19 patients. Tirazepatide (TZT), a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist may be effective in managing Covid-19-induced hyperglycemia in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The beneficial effect of TZT in T2DM and obesity is related to direct activation of GIP and GLP-1 receptors with subsequent improvement of insulin sensitivity and reduction of body weight. TZT improves endothelial dysfunction (ED) and associated inflammatory changes through modulation of glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and pro-inflammatory biomarkers release. TZT, through activation of the GLP-1 receptor, may produce beneficial effects against Covid-19 severity since GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have anti-inflammatory and pulmoprotective implications in Covid-19. Therefore, GLP-1RAs could effectively treat severely affected Covid-19 diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Notably, using GLP-1RAs in T2DM patients prevents glucose variability, a common finding in Covid-19 patients. Therefore, GLP-1RAs like TZT could be a therapeutic strategy in T2DM patients with Covid-19 to prevent glucose variability-induced complications. In Covid-19, the inflammatory signaling pathways are highly activated, resulting in hyperinflammation. GLP-1RAs reduce inflammatory biomarkers like IL-6, CRP, and ferritin in Covid-19 patients. Therefore, GLP-1RAs like TZ may be effective in Covid-19 patients by reducing the inflammatory burden. The anti-obesogenic effect of TZT may reduce Covid-19 severity by ameliorating body weight and adiposity. Furthermore, Covid-19 may induce substantial alterations in gut microbiota. GLP-1RA preserves gut microbiota and prevents intestinal dysbiosis. Herein, TZT, like other GLP-1RA, may attenuate Covid-19-induced gut microbiota alterations and, by this mechanism, may mitigate intestinal inflammation and systemic complications in Covid-19 patients with either T2DM or obesity. As opposed to that, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) was reduced in obese and T2DM patients. However, activation of GIP-1R by TZT in T2DM patients improves glucose homeostasis. Thus, TZT, through activation of both GIP and GLP-1, may reduce obesity-mediated inflammation. In Covid-19, GIP response to the meal is impaired, leading to postprandial hyperglycemia and abnormal glucose homeostasis. Therefore, using TZT in severely affected Covid-19 patients may prevent the development of glucose variability and hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, exaggerated inflammatory disorders in Covid-19 due to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α may lead to systemic inflammation and cytokine storm development. Besides, GIP-1 inhibits expression of IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, chemokines and TNF-α. Therefore, using GIP-1RA like TZT may inhibit the onset of inflammatory disorders in severely affected Covid-19 patients. In conclusion, TZT, through activation of GLP-1 and GIP receptors, may prevent SARS-CoV-2-induced hyperinflammation and glucose variability in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

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Serum Levels of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and TNF- in Patients with COVID-19 and Its Relation to Disease Severity

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

Relation between Cytokine Levels and Pulmonary Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study

Relation between Cytokine Levels and Pulmonary Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study

Potential role of tirzepatide towards Covid-19 infection in diabetic patients: a perspective approach

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