Serum inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers levels are associated with pain intensity, pressure pain threshold and quality of life in myofascial pain syndrome

Abstract

Objectives We aimed to determine the serum concentrations of some inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in relation with pain intensity and quality of life in patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) compared to healthy controls. This study is a case–control study. The participants were selected from MPS patients who referred to rehabilitation outpatient clinics of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Results Serum hs-CRP (4.68 ± 4.36 vs. 2.92 ± 4.55 g/mlµ respectively, p = 0.011), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) (6.81 ± 2.22 vs. 4.73 ± 2.97 pg/ml respectively, p < 0.001) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (2.63 ± 0.71 vs. 1.98 ± 0.90 nmol/ml respectively, p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (2.46 ± 0.49 vs. 2.83 ± 0.82 mmol/L respectively, p = 0.011) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (78.89 ± 37.93 vs. 154.25 ± 115.93 U/ml respectively, p < 0.001) levels were significantly lower in the MPS patients compared to healthy controls. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level was significantly and positively associated with resting (r = 0.349, p = 0.019), activity (r = 0.295, p = 0.049) and night pain (r = 0.304, p = 0.043) intensities, pressure pain threshold (PPT) (r = 0.210, p = 0.047) and pain duration (r = 0.283, p = 0.007). Serum TAC level was significantly and negatively associated with resting pain intensity (r = −0.312, p = 0.037). Some scales and subscales of quality of life were positively correlated with serum TAC level and negatively associated with serum hs-CRP and PLA2 levels.

Validity of the Isometric Contraction Test of the Masticatory Muscles for Diagnosis of Muscular Temporomandibular Disorders

“…Fifth, both the ICTest and DC/TMD of axis I are dichotomous tests, which does not allow them to establish any cut-off points or quantitative results. Finally, the psychological condition of a patient, in terms of stress, exercise habits, or comorbid medical conditions, could influence the patient’s sensitization to pain when performing the test [ 37 , 38 ]. Further investigations into etiology and sociocultural factors, and their potential contribution to taxonomy and diagnosis, are required, particularly within the context of a complex disease such as TMD [ 15 ].…”

Opioid Therapy and Implications for Oxidative Balance: A Clinical Study of Total Oxidative Capacity (TOC) and Total Antioxidative Capacity (TAC)

“…This mechanism was described with respect to immunological disturbance, impaired synaptic transmission, pathological microglial activity, and proliferation. The development of opioid tolerance and addiction, opioid hyperalgesia, and cognitive disorders associated with brain plasticity are crucial effects associated with oxidative–antioxidative imbalance [ 5 , 6 ].…”

“…It has been observed that agonists of the delta-opioid receptor (DOR) have a neuroprotective effect and lead to an increase in the survivability of neuronal cells. Furthermore, experimental data prove that DOR activation leads to the activation of certain pathways that attenuate oxidative mechanisms and delay the progression of neurodegenerative processes [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

“…Activated platelets are the main internal source of oxidative and antioxidative mediators, and serum is the less proper biological fluid used. Therefore, measurements of the plasma’s total oxidative capacity (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) are preferred for a better understanding of the mechanisms of oxidative–antioxidative balance and provide new clinically important information [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Assessment of the Effects of Sphingosine Kinase 1/Sphingosine-1-Phosphate on Microangiogenesis at Rat Myofascial Trigger Points Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography

“…40 The inflammatory response and injury repair coexist, and the development of MTrPs is accompanied by a high expression of inflammatory factors. 41,42 The unknown role of SPHK1/S1P, however, in the occurrence and development of MTrPs will continue to be explored. In this study, a new approach was adopted to perform saphenous vein catheterization for CEUS examination over traditional contrast agent injection through the tail vein.…”