Serum Cytokine Profile in Relation to the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Objectives. To investigate the potential association of a set of serum cytokines with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods. A total of 201 patients who underwent coronary angiography for chest discomfort were enrolled. The concentrations of serum IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-9, and IL-17 were determined by xMAP multiplex technology. The CAD severity was assessed by Gensini score (GS). Results. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-17 were significantly higher in high GS group (GS ≥ 38.5) than those in low GS group (GS < 38.5). Positive correlations were also found between these cytokines and the severity of CAD. After adjustment for other associated factors, three serum cytokines (IL-6, IL-9, and IL-17) and two clinical risk factors (creatinine and LDL-C) were identified as the independent predictors of increased severity of CAD. ROC curve analysis revealed that the logistic regression risk prediction model had a good performance on predicting CAD severity. Conclusions. Combinatorial analysis of serum cytokines (IL-6, IL-9, and IL-17) with clinical risk factors (creatinine and LDL-C) may contribute to the evaluation of the severity of CAD and may help guide the risk stratification of angina patients, especially in primary health facilities and in the catheter lab resource-limited settings.

The association between IL‐17A and IL‐23R polymorphisms and coronary artery disease risk in a Middle Eastern Chinese population

“…A functional study found that the rs2275913 A allele is associated with a higher promoter activity of IL-17A, suggesting that the rs2275913 AA genotype appears to contribute to greater levels of inflammation, which can lead to several diseases, including CAD; this finding was consistent with the previous results showing that IL-17 may contribute to the severity of CAD. 21 For the IL-23R polymorphisms, we observed a borderline significant association between IL-23R rs6682925 and the risk of CAD that was consistent with the results of the previous study. 22 A functional study revealed that the rs6682925 C allele may increase the promoter activity of IL-23R.…”

“…In contrast, the significant association could not be maintained after the analysis was adjusted for the demographic characteristics of participants, indicating that the association between rs2275913 and CAD risk could be modified by patient characteristics. A functional study found that the rs2275913 A allele is associated with a higher promoter activity of IL‐17A , suggesting that the rs2275913 AA genotype appears to contribute to greater levels of inflammation, which can lead to several diseases, including CAD; this finding was consistent with the previous results showing that IL‐17 may contribute to the severity of CAD …”

Shared mechanisms of multimorbidity in COPD, atherosclerosis and type-2 diabetes: the neutrophil as a potential inflammatory target

“…Inflammation is both caused by and drives many chronic noncommunicable diseases, including COPD, atherosclerosis and T2D. Increased systemic inflammation has been reported in multimorbid patients when compared to those with a single disease or age-matched healthy volunteers [36,37]. It is important to note that while similar patterns of inflammation, including neutrophilic inflammation, are observed in COPD, atherosclerosis and T2D [38][39][40], inflammation is a mechanism that plays a role in numerous chronic and acute diseases.…”

Role of serum interleukin-6 in heart failure

“…24 Min et al found significantly raised serum IL-6 levels in coronary artery patients compared to healthy controls. 25 Ikonomidis et al observed raised serum IL-6 levels in a stable angina patients had more than twice median IL-6 (3.9 versus 1.7 pg/mL) compared to controls and found significant reduction in circulating IL-6 levels after aspirin supplementation in a randomized placebocontrolled trial. 26 Wainstein et al observed that serum IL-6 level above 1 pg/mL is predictive of significant CAD in 27% out of 48 patients with a mean 10-year and found to had 100% CAD.…”