Serum Concentrations of Cytokines and Lung Cancer Survival in African Americans and Caucasians

Abstract

Accumulating evidence suggests a role for inflammation in the development and progression of cancer. Our group recently identified a cytokine gene signature in lung tissue associated with lung cancer prognosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that concentrations of circulating cytokines in serum may be associated with lung cancer survival. Ten serum cytokines, namely, interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon (IFN)-;, and tumor necrosis factor-A, were assessed in 353 non -small cell lung cancer cases from a case-control study of lung cancer in the greater Baltimore, Maryland area. Cytokines were measured using an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. IL-6 serum concentrations (z4.0 pg/mL) were associated with significantly poorer survival in both African Americans [hazard ratio (HR), 2.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26-5.80] and Caucasians (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.22-2.40). IL-10 (HR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.33-5.15) and IL-12 (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.14-3.44) were associated with lung cancer survival only in African Americans. Some evidence for an association of tumor necrosis factor-A levels with survival in Caucasians was observed, although these results were not significant. These hypothesis-generating findings indicate that selected serum cytokine concentrations are associated with lung cancer survival, and indicate that further research is warranted to better understand the mechanistic underpinnings of these associations. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(1):215 -22)

Prolonged systemic circulation of chimeric oncolytic adenovirus Ad5/3-Cox2L-D24 in patients with metastatic and refractory solid tumors

“…An important contributing factor to this may have been the relatively low dose used here in contrast to other studies. 10,24 In line with earlier studies showing increased circulating IL-6, IL-8, and/or IL-10 levels in advanced cancer patients, 25,26 pretreatment values of these cytokines were Oncolytic Ad5/3-Cox2L-D24 in cancer patients S Pesonen et al somewhat elevated in the majority of patients. Rapid elevation in IL-6 or TNF-a indicates an acute inflammatory response and these cytokines may be sensitive markers of clinical or subclinical adenovirus toxicity.…”

Correlation analysis between an IL-6 genetic polymorphism and non-small cell lung cancer prognosis

“…Crohns et al (2010) showed that levels of IL-6 and other cytokines may be involved in prognosis in lung cancer patients. Enewold et al (2009) hypothesized that high serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-a are correlated with poor prognosis of lung cancer in African Americans and Caucasians. Thus, it can be deduced that high IL-6 levels in the peripheral circulation is related to a worse response to chemotherapy and poor clinical prognosis in NSCLC patients (Liu et al, 2012;Zarogoulidis et al, 2013).…”

The effect of mentholated cigarette use on interleukin-6 responses across different HIV positive race/ethnic subgroups

“…[1][2][3] Levels of IL-6 are likely to be influenced by several behavioral and genetic factors. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Associations between common gene variations in IL-6 and race/ethnicity have been examined in several studies but with inconsistent findings, and these studies did not focus on people living with HIV (PLWH). [4][5][6] Saijo et al 7 studied 347 Japanese individuals; Friedlander et al 8 studied 475 Israeli families; and the AIRGENE study targeted Europeans with myocardial infarct.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Associations between common gene variations in IL-6 and race/ethnicity have been examined in several studies but with inconsistent findings, and these studies did not focus on people living with HIV (PLWH). [4][5][6] Saijo et al 7 studied 347 Japanese individuals; Friedlander et al 8 studied 475 Israeli families; and the AIRGENE study targeted Europeans with myocardial infarct. [7][8][9][10] Also, potential factors associated with IL-6 elevations have been analyzed by Neuhaus et al 11 using three large US cohorts of people with and without HIV.…”