Serum concentrations of apoptosis-associated molecules in septic children with leukemia, neutropenia and fever

Abstract

It has been shown that Fas, Fas-L, TNF and TNFR-1 display high serum concentrations in subjects with sepsis. This suggests that these are potential severity markers. However, the serum concentration of these molecules in children with leukemia and suspected sepsis has to be established before proposing their use as diagnostic biomarkers. We included children <17 years of age diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with neutropenia and fever (NF). The subjects were divided into two groups: (1) leukemia and NF with sepsis, (2) leukemia and NF without sepsis. Determination of serum levels of TNF-α, TNFR-1, Fas and Fas-L was performed using ELISA tests, and apoptosis percentage using flow cytometry. Seventy-two subjects with ALL and NF were included in the two groups. The highest serum levels of TNF-α (35.2 ± 7.6 pg/ml) and TNF-R1 (4102 ± 2440) and the lowest levels of Fas-L (19.4 ± 7.3 pg/ml) were found in group 2: however, the difference in comparison with patients without sepsis was not statistically significant. Low levels of Fas-L and low percentage of apoptotic cells are observed in septic subjects. This pattern may reflect the presence of sepsis among subjects with NF secondary to leukemia.

Sanguisorba parviflora (Maxim.) Takeda alleviates cyclophosphamide‐induced leukopenia by regulating haematopoietic cell‑specific protein 1‑associated protein X‑1 gene expression

“…Studies have shown that the increased apoptosis and rapid senescence of leukocytes are key processes in the pathophysiology of leukopenia. 5,6 It has also been extensively reported that mitochondrial damage is intimately associated with the formation of the apoptosomes and ultimately leads to neutrophil apoptosis. 7 Haematopoietic cell-specific protein 1-related protein X-1 (HAX-1), a prominent anti-apoptotic protein that is located predominantly in the mitochondria, is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial functions.…”

“…Studies have shown that the increased apoptosis and rapid senescence of leukocytes are key processes in the pathophysiology of leukopenia 5,6 . It has also been extensively reported that mitochondrial damage is intimately associated with the formation of the apoptosomes and ultimately leads to neutrophil apoptosis 7 .…”

Sanguisorba parviflora (Maxim) Takeda alleviates cyclophosphamide‐induced leukopenia via regulating the hematopoietic cell‑specific protein 1‑associated protein X‑1 gene

“…Previous studies have shown that increased apoptosis and rapid cell senescence of leukocytes underlined the pathophysiology of leukopenia. 5,6 Extensive studies have reported that mitochondrial damage was intimately associated with the formation of the apoptosome, and ultimately led to neutrophil cell apoptosis. 7 Hematopoietic cell-specific protein 1-related protein X-1 (HAX-1) is a prominent anti-apoptotic protein that is predominantly located in the mitochondria and is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial biological functions.…”

“…Previous studies have shown that increased apoptosis and rapid cell senescence of leukocytes underlined the pathophysiology of leukopenia 5,6 . Extensive studies have reported that mitochondrial damage was intimately associated with the formation of the apoptosome, and ultimately led to neutrophil cell apoptosis 7 .…”

Combined C-Reactive Protein and Novel Inflammatory Parameters as a Predictor in Cancer—What Can We Learn from the Hematological Experience?

“…The complexity of the acute phase reaction is illustrated by the observations from patients with febrile chemotherapy-induced neutropenia ( Table 1 ). Even these severely immunocompromised patients show an acute phase reaction with increased serum CRP levels in response to infections [ 10 ], and they also show significantly altered levels of a wide range of other mediators, especially regulators of inflammation as well as several other biomarkers [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. CRP is the only marker that is widely used in the routine clinical evaluation of these patients.…”