Serum beta-2 microglobulin in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Montserrat, Emili; Marques-Pereira, João Pedro; Rozmán, C; Ballesta, Antonio M.; Aguilar, Juan; Elena, Montserrat

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2257.1982.tb00083.x

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Several biological features add important prognostic information that is independent from clinical staging at diagnosis. The prognostic markers that are widely available and frequently used in clinical practice include status of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) gene mutation, cytogenetic abnormalities by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), CpG-stimulated karyotyping, cell surface markers expression, beta2microglobulin, LDH serum levels [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], and gene mutations by whole genome sequencing (summarized in Table 2 ).…”

Section: Staging and Prognostic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Re-evaluation for TP53 mutation status and del(17p) by FISH, and IGHV mutation status if not previously established (important for selection of initial treatment if considering chemoimmunotherapy) are recommended prior to initiating subsequent treatments. CpG-stimulated karyotyping is also useful to identify high-risk patients, including patients who will receive targeted therapies [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Management and Treatment (Including Us And European Perspect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six-color flow cytometry (MRD flow), allele-specific oligonucleotide PCR, or high-throughput immunosequencing, such as by ClonoSEQ assay, are reliable and sensitive assays able to reach a sensitivity level equal to or less than one CLL cell in 10,000 leukocytes [ 3 ]. A widely used flow cytometry-based assay comprises a core panel of six markers (i.e., CD19, CD20, CD5, CD43, CD79b, and CD81) and with this assay, patients will be defined as having undetectable MRD (MRD-neg) remission if they have blood or marrow with less than one CLL cell per 10,000 leukocytes [ 7 ].…”

Section: Management and Treatment (Including Us And European Perspect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its efficacy as monotherapy has been described in patients with relapsed/refractory CLL, including those with del(17p). Venetoclax received initial approval in 2016 based on a phase 2 trial evaluating patients with relapsed/refractory disease with del(17p) [ 7 ]. The combination of venetoclax and rituximab was investigated in patients with relapsed CLL (MURANO trial) and showed that among patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia, venetoclax plus rituximab resulted in significantly higher rates of progression-free survival than bendamustine plus rituximab, with a 2-year PFS of 84.9% as opposed to 36.3% [ 21 ].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, guidelines for the initiation, escalation, and monitoring of treatment with venetoclax have been created and universally implemented together with patients’ risk stratification for TLS [ 26 ]. As a result of adherence to these guidelines for the prevention of TLS, clinical trials reported a low incidence (~1.1% to 3.8%) of laboratory-confirmed TLS, with no cases of serious clinical TLS [ 3 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How I Manage Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

et al. 2023

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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of mature B lymphocytes. CLL is the most prevalent leukemia in Western countries. Its presentation can range from asymptomatic with the incidental finding of absolute lymphocytosis on a routine blood test, to symptomatic disease requiring immediate intervention. Prognosis of the disease is defined by the presence or absence of specific mutations such as TP53, chromosomal abnormalities such as del(17p), a type of IGHV mutational status, and elevation of B2M and LDH. Treatment of CLL in the United States and Europe has evolved over the recent years thanks to the development of targeted therapies. The standard of care has shifted from traditional chemoimmunotherapy approaches to targeted therapies including Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) and BCL2 inhibitors, administered either as monotherapy or in combination with CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Several clinical trials have also recently evaluated combinations of BTKi and venetoclax and showed the combination to be well tolerated and able to induce deep remissions. Targeted therapies have a good safety profile overall; however, they also have unique toxicities that are important to recognize. Diarrhea, fatigue, arthralgia, infections, cytopenias, bleeding, and cardiovascular toxicities (including atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, and hypertension) are the adverse events (AEs) commonly associated with BTKis. Initiation of therapy with venetoclax requires close monitoring because of the risk for tumor lysis syndrome associated with this agent, particularly in patients with a high disease burden. Development of newer target therapies is ongoing and the therapeutic landscape in CLL is expanding rapidly.

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Section: Staging and Prognostic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Management and Treatment (Including Us And European Perspect...mentioning

confidence: 99%